great historical events that were significantly affected by the weather: I. the Mongol invasions of Japan
great historical events that were significantly affected by the weather: I. the Mongol invasions of Japan
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受天气影响较大的重大历史事件：一、蒙古入侵日本
DOI：
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Neumann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Neumann
13 世纪伟大的蒙古统治者忽必烈汗于 1274 年和 1281 年两次入侵日本。两次入侵都有蒙古、朝鲜和中国军队、韩国和中国南方的海员和船只参与。第二次入侵的无敌舰队尤其庞大。两次登陆都发生在九州西北海岸，九州是距离朝鲜最近的日本主要岛屿。两次入侵都因九州以西海上的猛烈风暴而突然终止。历史学家似乎一致认为 1281 年的风暴是一场台风。暴风雨给入侵者造成了人员和船只的惨重损失。我们引用一些当代记录来描述风暴的灾难性影响。
Khubilai Khan, the great Mongol ruler of the 13th century, launched two invasions against Japan: in 1274 and in 1281. In both cases, Mongol, Korean, and Chinese forces, Korean as well as South Chinese seamen and vessels were involved. Particularly large was the armada of the second invasion. In both cases the landings took place along the NW coast of Kyūshū, the major Japanese island closest to Korea. Both invasions were abruptly terminated by severe storms at sea, west of Kyūshū. Historians seem to agree that the storm of 1281 was a typhoon. The storms caused heavy losses in manpower and vessels to the invaders. We quote some contemporary records describing the catastrophic effects of the tempests.