Human reproduction and health: an evolutionary perspective
Human reproduction and health: an evolutionary perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30573-1
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发表时间：
2017-07-29
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Nunez-de la Mora, Alejandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jasienska, Grazyna;Bribiescas, Richard G.;Nunez-de la Mora, Alejandra
根据生命史理论，在整个生命过程的不同时期增加对生殖功能（生理和行为）的投资会影响许多疾病的风险，并最终影响寿命。尽管遗传因素导致个体间和群体间生殖性状的变异，但变异的主要来源是发育和成年期间的表型可塑性。两性的生殖特征都进化出了对生态条件的敏感性，这反映在激素浓度与地理环境、营养状况和体力活动水平的当代关联中。终生暴露于浓度升高的性激素与某些癌症的风险相关，因此生育模式的降低会导致癌症发病率的长期增加。相反，增加对生殖功能的投资可能会损害对健康的躯体投资，例如更快的性成熟和更高的胎次会增加患糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。生殖生物学的进化视角可以提高公共卫生工作的效率，以降低激素敏感性癌症和其他非传染性疾病的风险。
According to life history theory, increased investment in reproductive function (physiology and behaviour) at different times throughout the life course affects the risk of many diseases and, ultimately, longevity. Although genetic factors contribute to interindividual and interpopulation variation in reproductive traits, the dominant source of variability is phenotypic plasticity during development and adult life. Reproductive traits in both sexes evolved sensitivity to ecological conditions, as reflected in contemporary associations of hormone concentrations with geographical setting, nutritional status, and physical activity level. Lifetime exposure to increased concentrations of sex hormones is associated with the risk of some cancers, hence decreasing fertility patterns contribute to secular increases in their incidence. Conversely, increased investment in reproductive function might compromise somatic investment in health, such that faster sexual maturation and higher parity increases risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An evolutionary perspective on reproductive biology could improve the efficacy of public health efforts to reduce the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers and other non-communicable diseases.