METHODS OF ASSESSING DERMAL ABSORPTION WITH EMPHASIS ON UPTAKE FROM CONTAMINATED VEGETATION
METHODS OF ASSESSING DERMAL ABSORPTION WITH EMPHASIS ON UPTAKE FROM CONTAMINATED VEGETATION
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DOI：
10.1177/074823379501100106
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
MEYLAN, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DURKIN, PR;RUBIN, L;MEYLAN, W
皮肤吸收可能是工人和公众在几种接触情况下的一种重要接触途径。因为标准（例如，化学品接触的参考剂量或最大残留限量通常以mg/kg/天为单位表示，风险评估通常试图将皮肤接触数据转换为mg/kg/天吸收剂量单位。对于某些类型的皮肤接触，包括直接和连续接触液体，菲克第一定律可以使用。在其他情况下，例如涉及溅到皮肤表面或皮肤接触受污染植物的情况下，菲克第一定律的适用性有限，本分析侧重于估算皮肤接触受污染植物或其他表面的吸收剂量的方法。该方法包括两个步骤：估算受污染植物向皮肤表面的转移速率，估算从皮肤表面进入人体的吸收程度，可推导出估算可移动叶面残留物（DFR）转移速率（TR）的通用方程：logTR = 1.09 logDFR +0.05.给定暴露皮肤的表面积和接触时间，该方程可用于估算沉积在皮肤表面的化学品量.这个公式是基于使用16种不同农药的8项不同研究的数据。排除一个离群值（阿米洛唑林），该方程的平方相关系数为0.78，模型在p <0.00001时具有显著性。Feldmann和Maibach（1969，1970，1974）的一系列研究数据用于估计皮肤吸收。这些研究被选为与风险评估最相关的研究，因为大多数实验对象是人，而且皮肤接触的性质与风险评估中使用的许多接触情景密切相关。对于该系列研究中包含的所有47种化合物，常用物理或化学性质与皮肤吸收之间没有显著相关性。对于那些K-o/w > 1.85的化合物，可以根据分子量估算出暴露后5天内的平均日吸收速率（AR）：logAR = -0.04MW +1.5。该方程的平方相关系数为0.68，模型在p <0.00001时具有显著性。使用上述公式估计的吸收剂量非常接近测量值。
Dermal absorption may be an important route of exposure in several exposure scenarios for workers and the general public. Because criteria (e.g., RfDs or MRLs) for chemical exposures are usually expressed in units of mg/kg/day, risk assessments often attempt to convert dermal exposure data to units of mg/kg/day absorbed dose. For some types of dermal exposure involving direct and continuous contact with liquids, Fick's first law may be used. In other cases, such as those involving spills onto the skin surface or dermal exposure to contaminated vegetation, the applicability of Fick's first law is limited.This analysis focuses on a method for estimating absorbed dose from dermal contact with contaminated vegetation or other surfaces. The method involves two steps: estimating the transfer rate from contaminated vegetation to the skin surface, and estimating the extent of absorption from the skin surface into the body.A generic equation can be derived for estimating the transfer rate (TR) from dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR):logTR = 1.09 logDFR + 0.05.Given the surface area of the exposed skin and the duration of contact, this equation can be used to estimate the amount of a chemical deposited on the surface of the skin. This equation is based on data from eight different studies using 16 different pesticides. Excluding one outlier (Vinclozolin), the squared correlation coefficient for this equation is 0.78, and the model is significant at p < 0.00001.Data from a series of studies by Feldmann and Maibach (1969, 1970, 1974) are used to estimate dermal absorption. These studies were selected as the most relevant for risk assessment because most of the experimental subjects are human and because the nature of the dermal exposures was closely related to many exposure scenarios used in risk assessments. For all 47 compounds included in this series of studies, there were no significant correlations between commonly available physical or chemical properties and dermal absorption. For those compounds with a K-o/w > 1.85, however, she average daily absorption rate (AR) over a five-day postexposure period can be estimated from the molecular weight:logAR = -0.04MW + 1.5.The squared correlation coefficient for this equation is 0.68, and the model is significant at p < 0.00001.The usefulness of this approach is evaluated using a study by Harris and Solomon (1992) in which the absorption of 2,4-D from contaminated turf was measured in a group of volunteers. The estimated absorbed dose using the equations above is very close to the measured values.