SHOULD NATURE RESERVES BE LARGE OR SMALL
SHOULD NATURE RESERVES BE LARGE OR SMALL
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DOI：
10.1038/285568a0
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
USHER, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HIGGS, AJ;USHER, MB
野生动物保护是土地利用的一种形式，与农业、林业、城市发展和户外娱乐竞争极其有限的土地供应。自然资源保护主义者经常面临必须决定优先次序的问题，问题是把保护区划分为一个大单位还是分成几个小单位比较好。这些单位的规模将因生境的不同和所保护的物种的不同而有所不同：因此，在热带地区，所考虑的面积可能达到数千公顷，而在工业化国家，这些地区的范围可能只有几公顷。如何最好地利用有限的资源，对于业余的自然保护组织（他们的“购物清单”很长，但他们的财政资源受到其慈善地位的限制）和国家组织（如英国的自然保护委员会，其支持1968年农村法案第15条规定的管理协议的能力受到总体预算的限制）来说都是至关重要的。问题是：这种有限的资源应该用于保护少数几个大型遗址，还是用于两到三倍多的小型遗址？下面的论点表明，物种的比例重叠是关键因素，数据表明，一些小保护区比一个大保护区拥有更多的物种。
Conservation of wildlife is one form of land use that competes with agriculture, forestry, urban development and outdoor recreation for an extremely limited supply of land. Conservationists are often faced with having to make decisions of priority, and the question arises as to whether it is better to have the area allocated for conservation in one large unit or in several smaller units. The scale of these units will vary both with different habitats and with different species being conserved: thus, in the tropics the area being considered is likely to be of the order of thousands of hectares, whereas in the industrialized world the areas may be only a few hectares in extent. The problem of how best to use limited resources becomes critical both to amateur conservation organizations (whose ‘shopping lists’ for reserves are long, but whose financial resources are limited by the extent of their charitable status) and to national organizations such as, in the UK, the Nature Conservancy Council (whose ability to support management agreements under Section 15 of the 1968 Countryside Act is limited by an overall budget). The question is: should such limited resources be devoted to the conservation of a few large sites or to two or three times as many smaller sites? The following argument shows that the proportional overlap of species is the critical factor, and data indicate that a number of small reserves have more species than a single large reserve.