Parallel evolution of urban-rural clines in melanism in a widespread mammal.

Parallel evolution of urban-rural clines in melanism in a widespread mammal.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-05746-2
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发表时间:
2022-02-02
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Gibbs JP
Gibbs JP
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cosentino BJ;Gibbs JP

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城市化是全球土地利用变化的主导趋势。与城市化相关的环境变化的复制性应推动平行演变,但由于缺乏多城市研究,对城市地区演变过程可重复性的认识受到限制。在这里,我们利用来自北美43个城市的超过60,000只东部灰松鼠(Sciurus carolinensis)的毛色社区科学数据来测试黑化中的平行渐变,这是一种与体温调节和隐藏相关的遗传特征。我们发现,黑变病的流行与城市化的不透水覆盖测量呈正相关。在最大的城市,森林覆盖广泛的城市和最弱的或没有在冬季气温较高的城市,热选择可能会限制黑变病的患病率最强的城乡倾斜。我们的研究结果表明,新的特征可以在城市地区以高度可重复的方式进化,并受到单个城市固有因素的影响,包括它们的规模,土地覆盖和气候。
Urbanization is the dominant trend of global land use change. The replicated nature of environmental change associated with urbanization should drive parallel evolution, yet insight into the repeatability of evolutionary processes in urban areas has been limited by a lack of multi-city studies. Here we leverage community science data on coat color in > 60,000 eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) across 43 North American cities to test for parallel clines in melanism, a genetically based trait associated with thermoregulation and crypsis. We show the prevalence of melanism was positively associated with urbanization as measured by impervious cover. Urban–rural clines in melanism were strongest in the largest cities with extensive forest cover and weakest or absent in cities with warmer winter temperatures, where thermal selection likely limits the prevalence of melanism. Our results suggest that novel traits can evolve in a highly repeatable manner among urban areas, modified by factors intrinsic to individual cities, including their size, land cover, and climate.
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