Airborne exposure and biological monitoring of bar and restaurant workers before and after the introduction of a smoking ban
Airborne exposure and biological monitoring of bar and restaurant workers before and after the introduction of a smoking ban
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DOI：
10.1039/b600050a
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Molander, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellingsen, DG;Fladseth, G;Molander, P
目的是评估全面禁烟对酒吧和餐馆员工空气中污染物水平和尿中可替宁水平的影响。在一项后续设计中，在禁烟令实施前后访问了13家酒吧和餐馆。93名雇员在企业最初被纳入研究。尼古丁和总粉尘的算术平均浓度分别从28.3 μ g m（-3）（范围，0.4 - 88.0）和262 mg m（-3）（范围，52 - 662）下降到禁烟后的0.6 μ g m（-3）（范围，未检测到-3.7）和77 μ g m（-3）（范围，未检测到-261）。空气中尼古丁与总粉尘之间的Pearson相关系数为0.86（p < 0.001; n = 48）。在25名不吸鼻烟的非吸烟者中，转换后尿可替宁浓度的几何平均值从9.5 μ g g g（-1）肌酐（cr）（95%CI 6.5 - 13.7）下降到1.4 μ g g g（-1）cr（95%CI 0.8 - 2.5）（p < 0.001）。在29名不吸鼻烟的吸烟者中，发现从1444 mg g（-1）cr（95% CI 957 - 2180）降至688 mg g（-1）cr（95% CI 324 - 1458）（p < 0.05）。24名不吸鼻烟的非吸烟者在禁烟前的第二天早晨尿可替宁水平从轮班后的11.7 mg g（-1）cr（95%CI 7.0 - 19.6）增加到21.9 μ g g（-1）cr（95%CI 13.3 - 36.3）（p < 0.01）。在酒吧和餐馆实施禁烟令后，空气中的尼古丁和灰尘总量大幅减少。非吸烟者的尿可替宁水平降低。吸烟者中发现的下降可能表明干预后吸烟量减少。在非吸烟者中，基于轮班后早晨采集的尿液的可替宁浓度高于基于轮班后立即采集的尿液。
The aims were to assess the impact of a total smoking ban on the level of airborne contaminants and the urinary cotinine levels in the employees in bars and restaurants. In a follow up design, 13 bars and restaurants were visited before and after the implementation of a smoking ban. Ninety-three employees in the establishments were initially included into the study. The arithmetic mean concentration of nicotine and total dust declined from 28.3 mu g m(-3) (range, 0.4 - 88.0) and 262 mg m(-3) (range, 52 - 662), respectively, to 0.6 mu g m(-3) (range, not detected - 3.7) and 77 mu g m(-3) ( range, not detected - 261) after the smoking ban. The Pearson correlation coefficient between airborne nicotine and total dust was 0.86 (p < 0.001; n = 48). The post-shift geometric mean urinary cotinine concentration declined from 9.5 mu g g(-1) creatinine (cr) (95% CI 6.5 - 13.7) to 1.4 mu g g(-1) cr (95% CI 0.8 - 2.5) after the ban (p < 0.001) in 25 non-snuffing non-smokers. A reduction from 1444 mg g(-1) cr (95% CI 957 - 2180) to 688 mg g(-1) cr (95% CI 324 - 1458) was found (p < 0.05) in 29 non-snuffing smokers. The urinary cotinine levels increased from 11.7 mg g(-1) cr ( 95% CI 7.0 - 19.6) post-shift to 21.9 mu g g(-1) cr (95% CI 13.3 - 36.3) (p < 0.01) in the next morning in 24 non-snuffing non-smokers before the smoking ban. A substantial reduction of airborne nicotine and total dust was observed after the introduction of a smoking ban in bars and restaurants. The urinary cotinine levels were reduced in non-smokers. The decline found in smokers may suggest a reduction in the amount of smoking after intervention. In non-smokers cotinine concentrations were higher based on urine sampled the morning after a shift than based on urine sampled immediately post-shift.