Molecular clouds in the Cosmic Snake normal star-forming galaxy 8 billion years ago

Molecular clouds in the Cosmic Snake normal star-forming galaxy 8 billion years ago
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80亿年前宇宙蛇正常恒星形成星系中的分子云

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
14.1
通讯作者:
P. P. van der Werf
P. P. van der Werf
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Dessauges;J. Richard;F. Combes;D. Schaerer;W. Rujopakarn;L. Mayer;A. Cava;F. Boone;E. Egami;J. Kneib;P. Pérez;D. Pfenniger;T. Rawle;R. Teyssier;P. P. van der Werf

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现代星系中的冷分子气体是由离散的云复合体构成的。这些巨大的分子云(gmc)质量为104-107太阳质量(M⊙),半径为5-100秒差距,是恒星形成的种子。在遥远的星系中,在如此小的尺度上突出分子气体结构在观测上是具有挑战性的。在高红移2 - 4的两个极端亚毫米星系中,只有少数分子云被报道。在这里,我们在z = 1.036的一个典型的银河系祖星系中寻找gmc。利用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA),我们以高分辨率绘制了这个引力透镜星系的CO(4-3)发射,读数低至30秒差距,这与附近星系的CO观测分辨率相当5。我们确定了17个分子云,其特征是质量、表面密度和超音速湍流,所有这些都比现在的类似物高10-100倍。这些性质对GMCs6的普遍性提出了质疑,并表明GMCs6的性质继承自周围的星际介质。测量到的云气质量与在星系中观测到的恒星团的质量相似。这证实了分子云的形成是通过遥远的湍流星系气体盘的破碎而形成的,这些气体盘随后变成恒星团,在“宇宙正午”的星系中随处可见(参考文献10)。在z = 1.036的银河系祖先中发现了17个分子云,它们比现在的类似物具有更高的质量、表面密度和超音速湍流。它们的性质反映了遥远星系中普遍存在的恶劣的星际环境条件,并表明它们是由湍流星系气体盘的碎片形成的。
The cold molecular gas in contemporary galaxies is structured in discrete cloud complexes. These giant molecular clouds (GMCs), with 104–107 solar masses (M⊙) and radii of 5–100 parsecs, are the seeds of star formation1. Highlighting the molecular gas structure at such small scales in distant galaxies is observationally challenging. Only a handful of molecular clouds were reported in two extreme submillimetre galaxies at high redshift2–4. Here we search for GMCs in a typical Milky Way progenitor at z = 1.036. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we mapped the CO(4–3) emission of this gravitationally lensed galaxy at high resolution, reading down to 30 parsecs, which is comparable to the resolution of CO observations of nearby galaxies5. We identify 17 molecular clouds, characterized by masses, surface densities and supersonic turbulence all of which are 10–100 times higher than present-day analogues. These properties question the universality of GMCs6 and suggest that GMCs inherit their properties from ambient interstellar medium. The measured cloud gas masses are similar to the masses of stellar clumps seen in the galaxy in comparable numbers7. This corroborates the formation of molecular clouds by fragmentation of distant turbulent galactic gas disks8,9, which then turn into stellar clumps ubiquitously observed in galaxies at ‘cosmic noon’ (ref. 10). Seventeen molecular clouds are identified in a Milky Way progenitor at z = 1.036, with higher masses, surface densities and supersonic turbulence than present-day analogues. Their properties reflect the hostile ambient interstellar conditions prevalent in distant galaxies and suggest they formed by fragmentation of a turbulent galactic gas disk.
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期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2011-06
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
影响因子: --
作者:
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发表时间: 2013
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
作者:
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