ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON ROCKING, AND REPRODUCTIVE COMPETENCE IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES (PAN-TROGLODYTES)
ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON ROCKING, AND REPRODUCTIVE COMPETENCE IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES (PAN-TROGLODYTES)
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.1350270302
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
BOWEN, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRITZ, J;NASH, LT;BOWEN, JA
黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）在野外濒临灭绝，可能不再进口到美国。在目前圈养的动物中，必须确定繁殖计划的候选人，以确保自给自足的圈养种群。有些人认为，不良的生殖能力可能与异常行为的表现有关。在研究1中，三个机构住房繁殖群的黑猩猩（86名男性，103名女性）调查他们的动物异常行为，交配性能，并为女性，母性能力。在这两种性别中，没有交配和18种异常行为中的任何一种之间都没有正相关。没有一个异常的行为是正相关的不足的母亲的表现。与预期相反，在两性中（女性明显），交配者比非交配者表现出更多形式的异常行为。相比之下，好母亲确实比不称职的母亲表现出更少的异常行为。没有特定的异常行为的组合与缺乏交配性能在任何性别或与不足的母亲的行为。在18种异常行为中，只有2种行为（食粪和自我依附）存在显著的性别差异，且均以女性为高。在第二项研究中，亚利桑那州灵长类动物基金会的5只雄性和14只雌性黑猩猩的摇摆率被发现在一些有生殖能力的受试者中相对较高。有些摇摆的形式和背景表明了攻击性的表现。我们的结论是，黑猩猩不应该仅仅因为表现出异常行为而被忽视为潜在的育种者或重新社会化和育种计划的候选人。任何参与评估幸福感的人都需要意识到动物在可能引起摇摆行为的刺激中的个体差异。如果他们是陌生人，他们可能会引起展示摇摆，这并不表明缺乏幸福感。
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are endangered in the wild and may no longer be imported into the United States. Of those animals presently in captivity, candidates for breeding programs must be identified to insure a self-sustaining captive population. Some have suggested that poor reproductive performance might be linked to the performance of abnormal behaviors. In Study 1, three institutions housing breeding colonies of chimpanzees (86 males, 103 females) surveyed their animals for abnormal behaviors, copulatory performance, and, for females, maternal competence. In neither sex was there a positive association between absence of copulation and the presence of any of 18 forms of abnormal behavior. No one abnormal behavior was positively associated with inadequate maternal performance. Contrary to expectations, in both sexes (significantly for females), copulators exhibited more forms of abnormal behaviors than did noncopulators. In contrast, good mothers did show slightly fewer different forms of abnormal behaviors than did inadequate mothers. No specific combination of abnormal behaviors was associated with lack of copulatory performance in either sex or with inadequacy of maternal behavior. Significant sex differences occurred only in 2 of the 18 abnormal behaviors (coprophagy and self-clinging), both with females showing the higher prevalence. In Study 2, the rate of rocking in 5 male and 14 female chimpanzees at the Primate Foundation of Arizona was found to be relatively high among some reproductively competent subjects. Some rocking had forms and contexts indicative of aggressive displays. We conclude that chimpanzees should not be disregarded as potential breeders or as candidates for resocialization and breeding programs solely because they exhibit abnormal behaviors. Anyone involved in assessing well-being needs to be aware of individual differences among animals in the stimuli that may elicit rocking behavior. If they are strangers, they may elicit display rocking which does not indicate a lack of well-being.