Interception, drop size distributions and rainfall kinetic energy in four colombian forest ecosystems
Interception, drop size distributions and rainfall kinetic energy in four colombian forest ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1002/esp.3290110603
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发表时间：
1986-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Vis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Vis
在哥伦比亚中部安第斯山脉海拔3000 ~ 1000 m的样带上，研究了四个相对未受干扰的热带森林生态系统的截流损失、降雨和穿透雨滴大小光谱和动能。截留量占总降雨量的11%至20%以上，在天然热带森林中观测到的截留量的正常范围内。采用滤纸法建立了液滴粒径谱；露地降雨雨滴大小呈单峰分布，而通雨雨滴大小呈双峰分布，大雨滴占降雨体积的比例较高。对天然林的干扰，例如伐木活动或放牧，将进一步增加穿透动能，并可能导致森林内的水花侵蚀率高于开阔地。即使校正了截流损失（4- 30%），穿透雨的动能也高于开阔地降雨的动能（20- 70%）。在田间和室内进行的溅杯试验表明，动能是表征降雨侵蚀力的良好指标。在对拦截损失进行校正后，森林内部溅起的沙的数量比森林外高出2- 16%。
Interception losses, rain and throughfall drop size spectra and kinetic energy were studied in four relatively undisturbed tropical forest ecosystems along a transect across the Central Andean Cordillera of Colombia at altitudes between 3000 and 1000 m above sea level. Interception amounts ranged from 11 to more than 20 per cent of the total rainfall and fell within the normal range of interception figures observed in natural tropical forests. Drop size spectra were established using the filter paper method; the drop size distributions of the open field rainfall were unimodal while the throughfall had bimodal distributions, with a higher percentage of the volume of rain falling as large drops. Disturbance of the natural forests, for example by logging activities or cattle grazing, will further increase the throughfall kinetic energy and may lead to higher splash erosion rates inside the forests than in the open field. The kinetic energy of the throughfall was higher than that of the open field rainfall (20-70 per cent), even after correcting for interception losses (4-30 per cent). Splash-cup experiments, conducted both in the field and in the laboratory, indicated that the kinetic energy is a good index of rainfall erosivity. Inside the forests the amounts of sand splashed from the splash-cups was, after correction for interception losses, 2-16 per cent higher than outside the forests.