Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
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DOI：
10.1038/s41746-020-0226-6
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发表时间：
2020-02-10
影响因子：
15.2
通讯作者：
Dunn, Jessilyn P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bent, Brinnae;Goldstein, Benjamin A.;Dunn, Jessilyn P.
随着可穿戴技术越来越多地用于临床研究和医疗保健，了解其准确性并确定测量误差如何影响研究结论和影响医疗保健决策至关重要。可穿戴技术的准确性一直是研究和科普文献中的热门话题。目前，可穿戴技术公司负责评估和报告其产品的准确性，但有关评估方法的信息很少公开。可穿戴设备的心率测量值来自光电体积描记法（PPG），这是一种用于测量皮肤下血容量变化的光学方法。PPG的潜在不准确性源于三个主要方面，包括（1）不同的皮肤类型，（2）运动伪影，以及（3）信号交叉。到目前为止，还没有研究系统地探讨可穿戴设备在各种肤色下的准确性。在这里，我们探索了消费者和研究级可穿戴设备在多种情况下的心率和PPG数据，以测试这些不准确性是否存在以及在多大程度上存在。我们没有看到不同肤色的准确性有统计学上的显著差异，但我们看到了设备之间和活动类型之间的显著差异，特别是活动期间的绝对误差平均比休息期间高30%。我们的结论表明，不同的可穿戴设备在休息和长时间心率升高时都相当准确，但设备之间在响应活动变化方面存在差异。这对研究人员、临床医生和消费者得出研究结论、结合研究结果以及使用这些设备做出健康相关决策都有影响。
As wearable technologies are being increasingly used for clinical research and healthcare, it is critical to understand their accuracy and determine how measurement errors may affect research conclusions and impact healthcare decision-making. Accuracy of wearable technologies has been a hotly debated topic in both the research and popular science literature. Currently, wearable technology companies are responsible for assessing and reporting the accuracy of their products, but little information about the evaluation method is made publicly available. Heart rate measurements from wearables are derived from photoplethysmography (PPG), an optical method for measuring changes in blood volume under the skin. Potential inaccuracies in PPG stem from three major areas, includes (1) diverse skin types, (2) motion artifacts, and (3) signal crossover. To date, no study has systematically explored the accuracy of wearables across the full range of skin tones. Here, we explored heart rate and PPG data from consumer- and research-grade wearables under multiple circumstances to test whether and to what extent these inaccuracies exist. We saw no statistically significant difference in accuracy across skin tones, but we saw significant differences between devices, and between activity types, notably, that absolute error during activity was, on average, 30% higher than during rest. Our conclusions indicate that different wearables are all reasonably accurate at resting and prolonged elevated heart rate, but that differences exist between devices in responding to changes in activity. This has implications for researchers, clinicians, and consumers in drawing study conclusions, combining study results, and making health-related decisions using these devices.