An International Comparison of Female and Male Students' Attitudes to the Use of Animals.
An International Comparison of Female and Male Students' Attitudes to the Use of Animals.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/ani1010007
复制
发表时间：
2010-12-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rehn T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phillips C;Izmirli S;Aldavood J;Alonso M;Choe B;Hanlon A;Handziska A;Illmann G;Keeling L;Kennedy M;Lee G;Lund V;Mejdell C;Pelagic V;Rehn T
我们调查了11个欧亚国家的大学生对动物的态度，使用基于互联网的问卷，来自102所大学的1，902名女性和1，530名男性学生回答了问卷。在所有国家中，女学生比男学生更关心动物福利和权利，但在性别权力更大的国家尤其如此。一个促成因素似乎是女性比男性更容易与宠物联系在一起，一个可能的结果是女性更容易避免肉类消费，特别是红肉。先前的研究表明，在男性伴侣占主导地位的家庭中，男性和女性对动物的态度是一致的，而如果女性伴侣被赋予权力，她们对动物的同情心会比男性伴侣更强。我们在11个欧亚国家进行了一项关于男女学生对使用动物的态度的调查，在国际上测试了“女性赋权同理心”理论：中国，捷克共和国，英国，伊朗，爱尔兰，韩国，马其顿，挪威，塞尔维亚，西班牙和瑞典。使用联合国设计的妇女权力衡量标准，对每个国家的妇女权力进行了估计。该调查是通过互联网在各国大学进行的，收到了来自102所大学的1 902名女生和1 530名男生的答复。受访者对人类利用动物的43个主要问题的可接受性以及包括动物保护、环境保护和可持续发展在内的13个世界社会问题的重要性进行了评级。女性比男性更关心动物的福利和权利。性别权力衡量标准与女性与男性对动物福利和权利的关注比例之间存在正相关关系，但与其他世界问题无关。因此，在女性权力更大的国家，主要是瑞典、挪威和英国，女性比男性更关心动物问题，而在其他国家，男性和女性的反应更相似。在所有国家中，女学生比男学生更有可能避免肉类，不太可能避免鸡蛋，牛奶和海鲜，并且比男学生更有可能养宠物。雌性认为猫比雄性更有感情。结果表明，女性比男性更关心动物福利和权利，这是更有可能在女性相对赋权的国家表示，这表明“解放女性同情心”在各国以及在地方一级运作。
We surveyed university students in 11 Eurasian countries for their attitudes to animals, using an internet-based questionnaire to which 1,902 female and 1,530 male student responded from 102 universities. Across countries female students had greater concern for animal welfare and rights than males, but especially so in more gender empowered countries. One contributing factor appeared to be the greater association of females than males with pets, and a possible outcome was greater female avoidance of meat consumption, especially red meat. Previous research has demonstrated that in households where the male partner is more dominant, there is convergence in male and female attitudes towards animals, whereas if the female partner is empowered they exhibit greater empathy towards animals than the male partner. We tested this theory of ‘female empowered empathy’ internationally in a survey of female and male students' attitudes towards use of animals, conducted in 11 Eurasian countries: China, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Iran, Ireland, South Korea, Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Spain and Sweden. Gender empowerment was estimated for each country using the Gender Empowerment Measure designed by the United Nations. The survey was administered via the internet in universities within countries, and 1,902 female and 1,530 male student responses from 102 universities were received. Respondents rated the acceptability of 43 major concerns about human use of animals, and the importance of 13 world social issues, including animal protection, environmental protection and sustainable development. Females had greater concern for animal welfare and rights than males. There was a positive correlation between the Gender Empowerment Measure and the ratio of female to male concern for animal welfare and rights, but not for other world issues. Thus in countries where females were more empowered, principally Sweden, Norway and Great Britain, females had much greater concern than males for animal issues, whereas in other countries the responses of males and females were more similar. Across countries female students were more likely to avoid meat and less likely to avoid eggs, milk and seafood than male students, and were more likely to have kept pets than males. Females rated cats as more sentient than males did. The results demonstrate that females have greater concern for animal welfare and rights than males, and that this is more likely to be expressed in countries where females are relatively empowered, suggesting that ‘emancipated female empathy’ operates across countries as well as at a local level.