Casualties in Hoplite Battles
Casualties in Hoplite Battles
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重装步兵战斗中的伤亡
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter Krentz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter Krentz
一个希腊重装步兵在一场固定的战斗中丧生的风险有多大？最近研究希腊战争的学者们一致认为，除非一方重新获得救治，否则伤亡是很轻的。“希腊盔甲提供了相当好的保护，”G解释说。Cawkwell说，“因此，在第二局中，胜利者一方的伤亡人数很少--公元前479年，希腊一方在普拉提亚只有159人。奥斯温·默里认为普拉塔亚战役是重装步兵战斗的典型代表：“在这场最伟大的重装步兵战斗中，希腊人只损失了159人，这是重装步兵战争的典型特征。“A.霍拉代还引用了普拉提亚、沿着的曼尼托、德利乌姆和马拉松--在那里有6,400名波斯人死亡，但只有192名雅典人--来支持他的论点，“在我们有可靠数据的重装步兵战斗中，总伤亡人数非常少。“但普拉塔亚和马拉松并不是两个重装步兵之间的战斗。他们的伤亡是典型的还是特殊的？答案可能就在我们的资料来源提供的古典时期普拉提亚和留克特拉（479-371）之间重装步兵战斗的伤亡数字中。[2]我们有充分的理由认真对待这些数据。出于宗教原因，希腊人定期取回尸体，并确保他们得到适当的埋葬。在古代雅典，死者的名字通常被刻在石头上;这种习俗在其他希腊城市也很有名。这些列表的许多片段幸存下来。
OW MUCH RISK did a Greek hoplite run of losing his life in a set battle? The consensus of recent writers on Greek warfare is that casualties were light unless and until one side re treated. I "Greek armour gave reasonably good protection," explains G. Cawkwell, "hence the small number of casualties on the victori ous side in set battles-there were a mere 159 on the Greek side at Plataea in 479 B.C." Oswyn Murray finds the battle of Plataea illustra tive of hoplite battles in general: "It is typical of the nature of hoplite warfare that in this greatest of hoplite battles the Greeks lost only 159 men." A. J. Holladay also cites Plataea, along with Mantinea, Delium, and Marathon-where 6,400 Persians died, but only 192 Athenians-to support his contention that "the total casualties in hoplite battles where we have reliable figures are remarkably light." But Plataea and Marathon were not battles between two hoplite ar mies. Were their casualties typical or exceptional? An answer may lie in the casualty figures supplied by our sources for set hoplite battles in the classical period between Plataea and Leuctra (479-371).2 There are good grounds for taking these data se riously. For religious reasons, the Greeks regularly retrieved corpses and saw to their proper burial. In classical Athens the names of the dead were normally inscribed on stone; the custom is known in other Greek cities as well. Many fragments of these lists survive.3 They can