Definiteness, Uniqueness, and Maximality in Languages With and Without Articles

Definiteness, Uniqueness, and Maximality in Languages With and Without Articles
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有冠词和无冠词的语言的确定性、唯一性和极大性

DOI:
10.1093/jos/ffaa002
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发表时间:
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期刊:
J. Semant.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Christoph
Christoph
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Šimík;Demian;Christoph

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我们提出了一些实验来测试关于确定描述(在有冠词的语言中,这里用德语表示)和单纯名词(在无冠词的语言中,这里用俄语表示)意义的有影响力的假设。我们的结果与普遍接受的假设一致,即明确的描述传达唯一性(如果是单数)或最大性(如果是复数),但不支持关于裸名名解释的两个假设,即单数裸名名传达唯一性和局部裸名名传达唯一性/最大性(以及许多其他假设)。在这些方法下,通过隐蔽的类型转换预计会产生唯一性或极大性推断。我们的结果与我们所认为的零假设是一致的,即无冠词语言中的裸名词是存在的,并且没有预设语义,即使它们在使用中对应于确定的描述。
We present a number of experiments testing influential hypotheses about the meaning of definite descriptions (in languages with articles, represented here by German) and bare nominals (in articleless languages, represented here by Russian). Our results are in line with the commonly entertained hypothesis that definite descriptions convey uniqueness (if singular) or maximality (if plural), but fail to support two hypotheses about bare nominal interpretation, namely that singular bare nominals convey uniqueness and that topical bare nominals convey uniqueness/maximality ( , among many others). Uniqueness or maximality inferences are expected to arise via covert type-shifting under these approaches. Our results are compatible with what we take to be the null hypothesis, namely that bare nominals in articleless languages are existential and free of presuppositional semantics, even if they correspond—in their use—to definite descriptions .
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