High stretchability, strength, and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin intermediate filaments
High stretchability, strength, and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin intermediate filaments
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1903890116
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发表时间：
2019-08-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Guo, Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Jiliang;Li, Yiwei;Guo, Ming
在许多发育和病理过程中，包括正常发育过程中的细胞迁移和癌症转移中的侵袭，细胞需要承受严重的变形。已知真核细胞在小变形下的结构完整性取决于细胞骨架，包括肌动蛋白丝 (F-actin)、微管 (MT) 和中间丝 (IF)。然而，目前尚不清楚细胞如何抵抗严重变形，因为 F-肌动蛋白和微管在中等应变下都会屈服或分解。使用含有 IF (VIF) 的波形蛋白作为研究 IF 蛋白大家族的模型，我们证明它们主导细胞质力学并在大变形下维持细胞活力。我们的结果表明，细胞骨架 VIF 在活细胞中形成可拉伸的超弹性网络。该网络与其他细胞质成分协同作用，显着增强细胞的强度、拉伸性、弹性和韧性。此外，我们发现超弹性 VIF 网络与其他可快速恢复的细胞骨架成分一起形成了机械坚固的结构，可以在损坏后机械恢复。
In many developmental and pathological processes, including cellular migration during normal development and invasion in cancer metastasis, cells are required to withstand severe deformations. The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells under small deformations has been known to depend on the cytoskeleton including actin filaments ( F-actin), microtubules ( MT), and intermediate filaments ( IFs). However, it remains unclear how cells resist severe deformations since both F-actin and microtubules yield or disassemble under moderate strains. Using vimentin containing IFs ( VIFs) as a model for studying the large family of IF proteins, we demonstrate that they dominate cytoplasmic mechanics and maintain cell viability at large deformations. Our results show that cytoskeletal VIFs form a stretchable, hyperelastic network in living cells. This network works synergistically with other cytoplasmic components, substantially enhancing the strength, stretchability, resilience, and toughness of cells. Moreover, we find the hyperelastic VIF network, together with other quickly recoverable cytoskeletal components, forms a mechanically robust structure which can mechanically recover after damage.