Stress erythropoiesis: definitions and models for its study.
Stress erythropoiesis: definitions and models for its study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.011
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Little JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paulson RF;Hariharan S;Little JA
稳态红细胞生成以恒定的速率产生新的红细胞，并且它具有巨大的生产能力。这种生产通过脾和肝中的巨噬细胞清除衰老红细胞来平衡。红细胞内稳态受到高度调节，以维持足够的红细胞，用于向组织有效输送氧气，同时避免与过度生产相关的粘度问题。然而，有时红细胞的这种恒定产生被抑制或不足，在这些时候，红细胞输出增加以补偿产生的损失。在某些情况下，增加的稳态红细胞生成可以抵消红细胞的损失，但是响应于由感染或组织损伤引起的炎症，稳态红细胞生成被抑制。为了在这些条件下维持稳态，激活了替代应激红细胞生成途径。新出现的数据表明，BMP 4依赖性应激红细胞生成途径被整合到炎症反应中，并产生一团新的红细胞，其维持稳态，直到稳态红细胞生成可以恢复。从这个角度来看，我们定义了稳态红细胞生成受损时产生新的红细胞的机制，并讨论了研究人类应激红细胞生成的实验模型。
Steady state erythropoiesis generates new erythrocytes at a constant rate, and it has an enormous productive capacity. This production is balanced by the removal of senescent erythrocytes by macrophages in the spleen and liver. Erythroid homeostasis is highly regulated to maintain sufficient erythrocytes for efficient oxygen delivery to the tissues, while avoiding viscosity problems associated with over-production. However, there are times when this constant production of erythrocytes is inhibited or is inadequate, at these times, erythroid output is increased to compensate for the loss of production. In some cases, increased steady state erythropoiesis can offset the loss of erythrocytes but, in response to inflammation caused by infection or tissue damage, steady state erythropoiesis is inhibited. To maintain homeostasis under these conditions, an alternative stress erythropoiesis pathway is activated. Emerging data suggest that the BMP4 dependent stress erythropoiesis pathway is integrated into the inflammatory response and generates a bolus of new erythrocytes that maintains homeostasis until steady state erythropoiesis can resume. In this perspective, we define the mechanisms that generate new erythrocytes when steady state erythropoiesis is impaired and discuss experimental models to study human stress erythropoiesis.
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