Different approaches to the vaccination of free ranging village chickens against Newcastle disease in Qwa-Qwa, South Africa
Different approaches to the vaccination of free ranging village chickens against Newcastle disease in Qwa-Qwa, South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.03.011
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发表时间：
2004-06-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bisschop, SPR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thekisoe, MMO;Mbati, PA;Bisschop, SPR
这项研究的目的是开发一种策略，使用Nobilis(R)ND Inkukhu疫苗(INTERVET南非)在自由放养的乡村鸡中控制新城疫(ND)。这项研究于2001年4月至2002年10月在南非夸瓦的Thibella村进行。调查了3种不同的接种途径(滴眼剂、饮用水和饲料)。每月进行血凝抑制(HI)试验，以检测新城疫免疫后乡村鸡的抗体反应。使用南非新城疫病毒分离株，进行了攻击性试验，以确定疫苗的效力。提供了一份调查问卷，以评估农民对疫苗接种的看法。滴眼法产生的HI效价最高，在2.7到4.4之间，其次是饮用水疫苗，效价在2.3到4.0之间。饲料接种滴度最低，为1.6~3.0。在挑战之后，整个对照组在感染后的第三天和第四天死亡。然而，通过滴眼剂或饮用水途径免疫的鸡中，70%的鸡在挑战中幸存下来。通过饲料途径免疫的组中，只有20%的鸡存活下来。显然，滴眼液和饮水途径在预防疾病方面都是有效的。尸检显示，接种疫苗的鸡有轻微的病变，而对照鸡有与新城疫相容的严重病变。通过在疫苗接种活动的第一年期间每隔3个月接种一次强化疫苗，然后从第二年起每隔6个月接种一次，可以提高使用这两种途径中的任何一种的疫苗效力。大多数业主表示，他们更愿意使用饮用水路线为他们的羊群接种疫苗。(C)2004爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to control Newcastle disease (ND) in free ranging village chickens using the Nobilis(R) ND Inkukhu vaccine (Intervet South Africa). The study was conducted at Thibella village in Qwa-Qwa, South Africa from April 2001 to October 2002. Three different routes of vaccination (administration via eye-drop, drinking water and feed) were investigated. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was conducted monthly in order to measure the antibody response of village chickens after immunization against Newcastle disease. Using a South African isolate of velogenic ND virus, challenge trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. A questionnaire was provided to evaluate perceptions of farmers on vaccinations. The eye-drop vaccination route produced the highest HI titres ranging between 2.7 and 4.4, followed by the drinking water vaccination route with titres ranging between 2.3 and 4.0. The lowest titres were from the feed vaccination route which ranged between 1.6 and 3.0. Following the challenge, the entire control group died on the third and fourth day after infection. However, 70% of the chickens immunized by using either the eye-drop or drinking water route survived the challenge. Only 20% of the chickens from the group immunized through the feed route survived. Evidently both the eye-drop and drinking water routes were efficient in preventing disease. Necropsies showed that vaccinated chickens had mild lesions whilst control chickens had severe lesions compatible with Newcastle disease. The efficacy of the vaccine using either of the routes can be enhanced by administration of booster vaccinations at 3-month intervals during the first year of a vaccination campaign and then at 6-month intervals from the second year onwards. The majority of the owners indicated that they would prefer to vaccinate their flocks using the drinking water route. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.