The price of alcohol: a consideration of contextual factors.
The price of alcohol: a consideration of contextual factors.
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酒精价格：考虑背景因素。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00207.x
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ponicki,WilliamR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Treno,AndrewJ;Gruenewald,PaulJ;Wood,DarrylS;Ponicki,WilliamR
背景：目前的研究考虑了阿拉斯加州内部和外部商店对酒精饮料收取价格的决定因素。酒精出口密度，当地零售竞争的替代措施，预计将与价格呈负相关，而与分销相关的成本预计将与价格呈正相关。社区的人口和经济特征可能会影响观察到的当地价格通过需求水平，零售商承担的零售成本，或质量的品牌提供的销售.Methods：这些分析的核心数据来自阿拉斯加的零售机构持牌服务酒精的电话调查。这项调查利用计算机辅助电话采访（CATI）技术从现场收集酒精定价信息（即，在购买点消费酒精的场所，如酒吧和餐馆）和场外（即，在其他地方消费的食品杂货店和便利市场等场所），阿拉斯加州的酒类零售商。根据酒精含量为每种饮料类型制定了价格估算。使用单独的回归分析对8个价格指数中的每一个进行建模（啤酒、烈酒、葡萄酒的内部和外部测量以及饮料类型的平均价格）。所有的回归也控制了一组邮政编码水平的指标，社区经济和人口统计特征的基础上普查data.Results的：出口密度每车道英里是无关的价格为内部和外部的场所，无论是跨或之间的饮料类型。相比之下，总的分销成本似乎与酒精价格有关。人口和经济变量，作为一个群体，显着相关的观察price.Conclusions：更多的注意力需要针对卖方和买方的行为相对于酒精饮料的方式。酒精需求仍然对价格敏感;然而，消费者在决定他们为酒精支付的价格方面有相当大的自由度。
Background:The current study considers the determinants of prices charged for alcoholic beverages by on‐premise and off‐premise outlets in Alaska. Alcohol outlet densities, a surrogate measure for local retail competition, are expected to be negatively associated with prices while costs associated with distribution are expected to be positively related to prices. Community demographic and economic characteristics may affect observed local prices via the level of demand, retail costs borne by retailers, or the quality of brands offered for sale.Methods:The core data for these analyses came from a telephone survey of Alaskan retail establishments licensed to serve alcohol. This survey utilized computer‐assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) techniques to collect alcohol‐pricing information from on‐premise (i.e., establishments where alcohol is consumed at the point of purchase such as bars and restaurants) and off‐premise (i.e., establishments such as grocery stores and convenience markets where consumption occurs in other locations) alcohol retailers throughout the state of Alaska. Price estimates were developed for each beverage‐type based on alcohol content. Separate regression analyses were used to model each of the 8 price indices (on‐premise and off‐premise measures for beer, spirits, wine, and the average price across beverage types). All regressions also controlled for a set of zip‐code level indicators of community economic and demographic characteristics based on census data.Results:Outlet density per roadway mile was unrelated to price for both on‐ and off‐premise establishments, either across or between beverage types. In contrast, overall distribution costs did appear to be related to alcohol price. The demographic and economic variables, as a group, were significantly related to observed prices.Conclusions:More attention needs to be directed to the manner in which sellers and buyers behave relative to alcoholic beverages. Alcohol demand remains responsive to prices; yet, consumers have considerable latitude in determining the price that they pay for alcohol.