Biological Systems Are a Common Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Medical Conditions.
Biological Systems Are a Common Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Medical Conditions.
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生物系统是酒精使用障碍与同时发生的精神和医疗状况之间的常见联系。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.13570
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hutchison,KentE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hagerty,SarahL;Ellingson,JarrodM;Hutchison,KentE
酒精使用障碍（AUD）通常与其他精神病和医学疾病同时发生。例如，患有AUD的个体患重度抑郁症的可能性是其近4倍，患双相情感障碍的可能性是其6倍，并且被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍的可能性是其两倍（Kessler等人，2003年）。此外，医学状况通常与AUD共病，并且重度、慢性酒精使用是许多广泛医学病症的风险因素（雷姆等人，2003年，2009年）。一般来说，流行病学数据表明，68%符合精神健康障碍标准的成年人患有医学病症，29%具有医学诊断的成年人患有共病精神健康病症（Goodell et al.，2011年）。从公共卫生和基础科学的角度来看，这些高合并症发生率是很重要的。首先，患有并发症的个人承受着更大的人类痛苦负担，并给整个社会带来更大的经济成本。在基础科学方面，现有的理论模型并没有全面地解决驱动这些功能障碍区域之间共同发生的机制，因此突出了我们对这些过程的理解的明显差距。鉴于AUD与医学和精神疾病的共同发生，以及更广泛的医学和精神疾病之间的共同发生，深入了解这些常见合并症的机制可以提高我们对这些疾病的理论理解，这将最终有助于开发最有效的治疗方法。我们认为，重要的是要考虑广泛的生物系统（如胃肠道，免疫，神经系统）内的过程时，调查AUD和医疗/精神疾病之间的合并症。到
ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) commonly cooccurs with other psychiatric and medical conditions. For example, individuals with AUD are nearly 4 times more likely to have major depressive disorder, 6 times more likely to have bipolar disorder, and twice as likely to be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (Kessler et al., 2003). Additionally, medical conditions are commonly comorbid with AUD, and heavy, chronic alcohol use is a risk factor for a host of wide-ranging medical disorders (Rehm et al., 2003, 2009). Broadly speaking, epidemiological data suggest that 68% of adults who meet criteria for a mental health disorder have a medical condition, and 29% of adults who have a medical diagnosis have a comorbid mental health condition (Goodell et al., 2011). These high rates of comorbidity are important to consider both from a public health perspective and a basic science perspective. First, individuals with cooccurring disorders bear an increased burden of human suffering and pose greater economic cost to society at large. With respect to basic science, existing theoretical models do not comprehensively address the mechanisms that drive the co-occurrence between these areas of dysfunction, thus highlighting a distinct gap in our understanding of these processes.Given the co-occurrence of AUD with medical and psychiatric disorders, and between medical and psychiatric conditions more broadly, gaining insight into the mechanisms that underlie these common comorbidities can improve our theoretical understanding of these conditions, which will ultimately contribute to the development of optimally effective treatments. We argue that it is important to consider processes within broad biological systems (eg, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous system) when investigating the comorbidities between AUD and medical/psychiatric conditions. To