The sunk cost and Concorde effects: Are humans less rational than lower animals?
The sunk cost and Concorde effects: Are humans less rational than lower animals?
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.125.5.591
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Ayton, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arkes, HR;Ayton, P
沉没成本效应是一种适应不良的经济行为，表现为一旦投入了金钱、精力或时间，就更倾向于继续奋进。协和谬误是沉没成本效应的另一个名称，除了前一个术语严格适用于低等动物，而后者仅适用于人类。作者认为，在低等动物中没有明确的协和式谬误的例子，也提出了证据表明，当被置于类似于沉没的经济状况时，幼儿比成年人表现出更多的规范正确的行为。这些发现提出了一个谜：为什么成年人会犯下违背标准的成本收益选择规则的错误，而儿童和遗传学上不起眼的生物体却不会？作者试图表明，这种自相矛盾的状态是由于人类对“不浪费”规则的过度概括。
The sunk cost effect is a maladaptive economic behavior that is manifested in a greater tendency to continue an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made. The Concorde fallacy is another name for the sunk cost effect, except that the former term has been applied strictly to lower animals, whereas the latter has been applied solely to humans. The authors contend that there are no unambiguous instances of the Concorde fallacy in lower animals and also present evidence that young children, when placed in an economic situation akin to a sunk, cost one, exhibit more normatively correct behavior than do adults. These findings pose an enigma: Why do adult humans commit an error contrary to the normative cost-benefit rules of choice, whereas children and phylogenetically humble organisms do not? The authors attempt to show that this paradoxical state of affairs is due to humans' overgeneralization of the "Don't waste" rule.