Adipose Tissue Function and Expandability as Determinants of Lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Adipose Tissue Function and Expandability as Determinants of Lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_7
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Vidal-Puig, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carobbio, Stefania;Pellegrinelli, Vanessa;Vidal-Puig, Antonio
脂肪组织器官被组织为位于所有沿着身体轴的不同解剖学仓库，并且它由三种不同类型的脂肪细胞组成：白色、米色和棕色，其与血管、免疫、神经和细胞外基质细胞整合。这些不同的脂肪细胞具有不同的专门功能。白色脂肪细胞的主要功能是确保过量营养素/能量的健康储存及其快速动员，以供应其他器官中生理线索施加的能量需求，而棕色和米色脂肪细胞被设计用于通过将脂质氧化与能量产生解偶联来产生热量。据报道，这三种类型的脂肪细胞/组织的协同作用可确保啮齿动物的最佳代谢状态。然而，当这些脂肪库中的一个或多个由于持续的脂质/营养素过载而变得功能障碍时，则胰岛素抵抗和相关的代谢并发症随之发生。这些代谢改变对脂肪组织功能产生负面影响，并损害整体代谢稳态。优化白色脂肪组织可膨胀性及其功能代谢灵活性和/或促进棕色/米色介导的产热活性抵消肥胖及其相关的脂毒性代谢效应。这些治疗方法的发展需要在所有广泛的方面对脂肪组织有深入的了解。在本章中，我们将讨论不同的脂肪组织库的起源和前体招募，可塑性，细胞组成和可扩展性的能力，以及在生理和病理生理条件下的分子和代谢特征方面的特点。
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes: white, beige and brown which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concert action of the three type of adipocytes/tissues has been reported to ensure an optimal metabolic status in rodents. However, when one or multiple of these adipose depots become dysfunctional as a consequence of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/ beige mediated thermogenic activity counteracts obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. The development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition and expandability capacity as well as molecular and metabolic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.