Analysis of the emission inventories and model-ready emission datasets of Europe and North America for phase 2 of the AQMEII project
Analysis of the emission inventories and model-ready emission datasets of Europe and North America for phase 2 of the AQMEII project
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.061
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Makar, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pouliot, George;van der Gon, Hugo A. C. Denier;Makar, Paul A.
本文重点介绍了欧洲（欧盟）和北美（NA）在空气质量模式评估国际倡议（AQMEII）项目的第二阶段的排放清单和排放处理的发展。AQMEII项目第二阶段的主要目的是了解耦合气象化学模型在我们理解化学对气象学的反馈中的重要性。AQMEII项目第二阶段的第二个目的是探索欧盟和北美之间的差异，在两个建模年（2006年和2010年）的动态评估。AQMEII的第一阶段也考虑了2006年的建模年。比较AQMEII的两个阶段，对于欧盟域，在2006年使用的第2阶段和第1阶段排放量之间，CO（-19%）、NH3（-11%）和SO2（-12%）的排放量大幅减少。对于NA域，CO（-10%）、非甲烷烃（-5%）、PM2.5（-8%）、PM10（-18%）、SO2（-12%）减少，NOx增加4%。对于2010年建模年，2009年的排放量被用作欧盟域2010年排放量的替代。2006年至2009年期间，17个欧盟国家、挪威和瑞士以及欧盟非成员国实现了所有排放物种的大量减排，但NH3几乎保持稳定。非欧盟国家的排放水平变化不大，尽管这可能是数据质量差的结果。由于北海和波罗的海的硫排放控制区，PM和SO2的航运排放量减少，而其他物种的排放量增加。总体而言，2006年至2009年期间，欧盟领域的NOx排放量估计下降了10%，SO2下降了18%，CO下降了12%，PM2.5下降了5%，PM10下降了6%，NMVOC下降了11%，NH3下降了1%。在2006年至2010年的建模年期间，估计美国的NOx排放量减少了17%，SO2减少了29%，CO减少了21%，PM2.5减少了12%，PM10减少了7%，NMHC减少了4%，NH3减少了2%，而加拿大和墨西哥的排放量假定保持不变。然而，美国排放量的这些变化仅反映了我们拥有特定年份信息的行业的变化。在自然排放方面，2006年和2010年之间的气候差异导致欧洲异戊二烯排放量在2006年达到峰值的时间早于2010年，2010年总体达到了更高的水平。2006年至2010年期间，由于到达地面的太阳辐射的自然变化造成的区域温度差异，北美东部的生物排放量增加，西部减少。(C)2014由Elsevier Ltd.出版
This paper highlights the development of the emission inventories and emission processing for Europe (EU) and North America (NA) in the second phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) project. The main purpose of the second phase of the AQMEII project is to understand the importance of coupled meteorological-chemical models in our understanding of the feedback of chemistry on the meteorology. A second purpose of the second phase of the AQMEII project is to explore the differences between EU and NA in a dynamic evaluation of two modeling years (2006 and 2010). The first phase of AQMEII also considered the modeling year 2006. Comparing the two AQMEII phases, for the EU domain, there were substantial decreases in CO (-19%), NH3 (-11%), and SO2 (-12%) emissions between the phase 2 and phase 1 emissions used for 2006. For the NA domain, there were decreases in CO (-10%), non-methane hydrocarbons (-5%), PM2.5 (-8%), PM10 (-18%), SO2 (-12%), with an increase of 4% in NOx. For the 2010 modeling year, 2009 emissions were used as a proxy for 2010 emissions in the EU domain. Between 2006 and 2009, considerable emission reductions were achieved for 17 EU countries, Norway and Switzerland as well as EU-Non-Member States, for all emitted species aside from NH3, which remained almost stable. Non-EU countries showed little change in emissions levels, though this may be a result of poor data quality. Shipping emissions decreased for PM and SO2 due to Sulfur Emission Control Areas on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, while increasing for other species. Overall for the EU domain between 2006 and 2009, estimated NOx emissions decreased by 10%, SO2 by 18%, CO by 12%, PM2.5 by 5%, PM10 by 6%, NMVOC by 11%, and NH3 by 1%. Between the 2006 and 2010 modeling years, estimated US NOx emissions decreased by 17%, SO2 by 29%, CO by 21%, PM2.5 by 12%, PM10 by 7%, NMHC by 4% and NH3 by 2% while Canadian and Mexican emissions were assumed to remain constant. These changes in US emissions, however, only reflect changes in sectors for which we had year-specific information. In terms of natural emissions, climatic differences between 2006 and 2010 caused the European emissions of isoprene to peak earlier in the year 2006 than in 2010, and overall achieved higher levels in 2010. Biogenic emissions in North America increased in the east and decreased in the west between 2006 and 2010, due to regional temperature differences between the years from natural variation in solar radiation reaching the ground. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.