A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF PHOSPHORUS INDEX IMPLEMENTATION IN PENNSYLVANIA

A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF PHOSPHORUS INDEX IMPLEMENTATION IN PENNSYLVANIA
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对宾夕法尼亚州实施磷指数影响的全州评估

DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. W. Petersen
G. W. Petersen
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
W. Kogelmann;Henry Lin;R. Bryant;D. Beegle;A. Wolf;G. W. Petersen

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摘要：基于磷(P)的养分管理法规可能影响宾夕法尼亚州农业企业的生存能力。确定可能受到即将出台的基于P的法规影响的地区，将使监管机构和环境保护官员能够更好地瞄准技术和资金援助。基于广泛的土壤测试数据库和可用的地理空间数据(包括土地覆盖、溪流和牲畜密度)的全州范围内的地理信息系统分析发现，宾夕法尼亚州的不同地区将受到P指数限制的不同原因的影响。在东南部和东北部部分地区，与集约化畜牧业相关的高土壤测试磷水平要求在磷指数下充分评估磷的来源和运输因素。在宾夕法尼亚州北部和南部、中南部和西南部，由于该地区大部分农田靠近地表水，因此需要进行P指数评估。此外，近一半的农艺土壤样本超过了作物的最佳磷水平，这表明普遍存在的过度施肥和土壤磷库存的持续积累。土壤磷随动物密度的增加而增加，动物密度最高的地区有大量营养亏缺的溪流。按覆盖类型划分样本时，农田表现出最高的P水平，其次是草地，最后是牧场。最后，超过200ppm磷的土壤样本的百分比和溪流150英尺(45.7米)以内的农业用地的加权组合表明，宾夕法尼亚州东南部，特别是兰开斯特县，将受到最大的影响。农场经营者如何通过农场内和农场外的策略适应以磷为基础的养分管理，将决定影响的严重性和政府援助的必要性。
ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) based nutrient management regulations may affect the viability of agricultural enterprises in Pennsylvania. Identification of areas likely to be affected by impending P-based regulations will allow regulators and conservation officials to better target technical and financial assistance. A statewide GIS analysis based on an extensive soil testing database and available geospatial data (including land cover, streams, and livestock density) found that various regions of Pennsylvania would be affected by the P-index restrictions for different reasons. In the southeast and parts of the northeast, high soil test P levels associated with intensive animal agriculture required a full assessment of P source and transport factors under the P-index. In north- and south-central and southwest Pennsylvania, the P-index assessment was required because of the proximity of much of the region9s farmland to surface waters. Additionally, nearly half of agronomic soil samples exceeded the optimum P level for crops, suggesting widespread over fertilization and an ongoing build up of soil P stocks. Soil P was found to increase with increasing animal density and the highest animal density areas had a large number of nutrient impaired streams. When samples were separated based on cover type, croplands exhibited the highest P levels, followed by grasslands and then pastures. Finally, a weighted combination of the percentage of soil samples exceeding 200 ppm P and the proportion of agricultural lands within 150 ft (45.7 m) of streams indicated that southeastern Pennsylvania, especially Lancaster County, would be most affected. How farm operators adapt to P-based nutrient management, via on- and off-farm strategies, will determine the severity of the impact and the necessity of government assistance.