Smart occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption
Smart occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-7788(99)00040-7
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Bansal, NK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garg, V;Bansal, NK
长期以来，占用传感器一直用于控制各种设备（如人工光源、暖通空调设备等）。过去的研究表明，使用占用传感器来控制照明可以节省高达30%的照明电能。然而，目前投入使用的大多数传感器都有一个预设（有时用户可调）的时间延迟（TD）（在传感器检测到最后一个动作后，灯光或任何其他负载将被“关闭”的时间）。如果这个TD很长，那么它将节省较少的能源，因为负载在空闲期间也将保持“打开”。同时，如果To保持短，则可能导致在占用期间没有检测到运动时不必要的开关“关闭”（误关）灯。在我们的研究中观察到，用户的活动水平随着一天中的时间而变化。此外，可以看出不同用户的活动水平是不同的。因此，对于所有用户和一天中的所有时间来说，单一的TD是不可取的。常用的传感器不能适应不断变化的活动水平。在本文中，我们提出了智能占用传感器的设计，可以适应不断变化的活动水平。还提出了一个人在电脑前工作的“人体运动”模型。智能占用传感器可以了解居住者在一天中不同时间的活动水平变化。有了这些信息，它就可以在一天中的不同时间改变TD。实验表明，与非自适应固定TD传感器相比，使用智能占用传感器可节省约5%的能源。(C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A.版权所有
Occupancy sensors have long been used for control of various devices (like artificial light, HVAC devices, etc.). Past research has shown that use of occupancy sensors for control of lighting can save up to 30% electrical energy used for lighting. However, most of the sensors, which are currently being put to use, have a preset (sometimes user adjustable) time delay (TD) (the time after which the lights or any other load will be switched "off" after the last motion is detected by the sensor). If this TD is long then, it will have less energy savings, as the load will remain "on" during unoccupied period also. At the same time, if the To is kept short then it may result in unwanted switching "off" (False Off) of the lights when no motion is detected during periods of occupancy. It has been observed in our research that the activity level of a user changes over the time of the day. Also, it is seen that activity level of different users, is different. Hence, single TD for all the users and for all times of the day is not desirable. The commonly used sensors do not adapt to changing activity levels. In this paper, we present design of smart occupancy sensors which can adapt to changing activity levels. A model is also proposed for ''human movement'' of a person working at a computer. Smart occupancy sensor can learn the variation in activity level of the occupants with respect to time of the day. With this information, it can change the TD with time of the day. Experiments conducted have shown that about 5% more energy can be saved by using smart occupancy sensor as compared to non-adapting fixed TD sensors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.