Optimal Control of PEVs with a Charging Aggregator Considering Regulation Service Provisioning
Optimal Control of PEVs with a Charging Aggregator Considering Regulation Service Provisioning
复制标题
考虑调节服务提供的充电聚合器对 PEV 的优化控制
DOI：
10.1145/3086507
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Massoud Pedram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tiansong Cui;Shuang Chen;Yanzhi Wang;Shahin Nazarian;Massoud Pedram
插电式电动汽车（PEV）被认为是减少化石燃料消耗的关键，也是智能电网的重要组成部分。智能电网基础设施中的插电式电动汽车到电网（V2 G）技术使能量从PEV电池流向电网，从而增强电网稳定性并形成峰值电力需求。PEV车主也将受益于V2 G技术，因为他们将能够通过适当的PEV充电和放电计划来降低能源成本。此外，在现代电力市场中，电力调节服务（RS）备用发挥着越来越重要的作用。已经表明，通过提供RS储备，电网在存在波动性和间歇性可再生能源发电的情况下实现了能源供应和需求之间的更好匹配。本文从动态能源定价下的PEV充电问题开始，适当考虑了V2 G操作期间电池健康状态（SoH）的退化以及RS配置。在整个停车周期的整体优化提出了PEV和自适应控制框架，提出了动态更新的最佳充电/放电决定在每个小时，以减轻RS跟踪误差的影响。随着越来越多的PEV被插入电网，出现了PEV充电的控制或管理问题，因为PEV的大量不受管制的充电过程可能导致电能质量的劣化并损坏公用设施设备和客户电器。为了解决这个问题，本文还提出了一种SoH感知的计费聚合器设计，它决定了一组PEV的控制序列。在充电聚合器中使用能量存储系统来进行调峰，并且适当地照顾未来的停车PEV。实验结果表明，所提出的最优充电算法最大限度地减少了电力成本和电池老化成本的组合在RS供应电力市场。实验结果还表明，充电聚合器的引入可以显著降低PEV同时充电引起的峰值功耗。
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are considered the key to reducing fossil fuel consumption and an important part of the smart grid. The plug-in electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology in the smart grid infrastructure enables energy flow from PEV batteries to the power grid so that the grid stability is enhanced and the peak power demand is shaped. PEV owners will also benefit from V2G technology, as they will be able to reduce energy cost through proper PEV charging and discharging scheduling. Moreover, power regulation service (RS) reserves have been playing an increasingly important role in modern power markets. It has been shown that by providing RS reserves, the power grid achieves a better match between energy supply and demand in presence of volatile and intermittent renewable energy generation. This article starts with the problem of PEV charging under dynamic energy pricing, properly taking into account the degradation of battery state-of-health (SoH) during V2G operations as well as RS provisioning. An overall optimization throughout the whole parking period is proposed for the PEV and an adaptive control framework is presented to dynamically update the optimal charging/discharging decision at each hour to mitigate the effect of RS tracking error. As more and more PEVs are being plugged into the power grid, the control or management issue of PEV charging arises, since mass unregulated charging processes of PEVs may result in degradation of power quality and damage utility equipments and customer appliances. To solve this problem, this article also presents an SoH-aware charging aggregator design, which decides the control sequences of a group of PEVs. An energy storage system is used in the charging aggregator to do a peak power shaving, and future parking PEVs are properly taken care of. Experimental results show that the proposed optimal charging algorithm minimizes the combination of electricity cost and battery aging cost in the RS provisioning power market. Experimental results also show that the introduction of charging aggregator can significantly reduce the peak power consumption caused by simultaneous PEV charging.