The perception of two-tone Mooney faces in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
The perception of two-tone Mooney faces in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
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DOI：
10.1080/17588928.2011.578737
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Parr, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taubert, Jessica;Parr, Lisa A.
神经学实验揭示了人类大脑中一个复杂的区域网络，它对人脸的反应比对其他类别的物体的反应更强烈，因此被用于人脸分类。这项研究的目的是调查黑猩猩（n = 5），我们最亲近的亲戚，是否在一阶信息的基础上检测和分类面孔，以及这种敏感性是特定于面孔还是普遍适用于其他物体。为了实现这一目标，我们创建了多个类别的双色“穆尼”对象（黑猩猩的脸，鞋子，人的手），因为，通过最大化对比度，穆尼变换选择性地降低了二阶信息（人类个体歧视的基础），只留下一阶信息完整。两个实验使用2AFC MTS程序。第一个实验提供了强有力的证据，证明黑猩猩和人类一样，把穆尼脸分类为脸。然而，没有二阶信息，黑猩猩无法在个体层面上匹配穆尼脸。在实验2中，五只黑猩猩中有四只发现给穆尼脸分类比给穆尼鞋分类更容易。神经学证据有力地表明，人类大脑中有一个专门用于面部分类的神经机制，我们的数据表明，黑猩猩也具有这种程度的专业化。
Neurological experiments have revealed a complex network of areas in the human brain that respond more to faces than to other categories of objects and thus have been implemented in face categorization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chimpanzees (n = 5), our closest living relatives, detect and categorize faces on the basis of first-order information, and whether this sensitivity is specific to faces or generalizes to other objects. In service to this aim, we created multiple categories of two-tone 'Mooney' objects (chimpanzee faces, shoes, human hands), because, by maximizing contrast, the Mooney transformation selectively degrades second-order information (the basis for individual discrimination in humans), leaving only first-order information intact. Two experiments used a 2AFC MTS procedure. The first experiment provided strong evidence that, like humans, chimpanzees categorize Mooney faces as faces. However, without second-order information, the chimpanzees could not match Mooney faces at the individual level. In Experiment 2, four of the five chimpanzees found it easier to categorize Mooney faces than Mooney shoes. Neurological evidence strongly indicates a dedicated neural mechanism for face categorization in the human brain, and our data suggest that chimpanzees share this level of specialization.