Heavy metal and nutrient concentrations in top- and sub-soils of greenhouses and arable fields in East China - Effects of cultivation years, management, and shelter.
Heavy metal and nutrient concentrations in top- and sub-soils of greenhouses and arable fields in East China - Effects of cultivation years, management, and shelter.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119494
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
L. Wan;Haofeng Lv;W. Qasim;Longlong Xia;Z. Yao;Jing Hu;Yiming Zhao;Xiaodong Ding;Xunhua Zheng;Guoyuan Li;Shan-Chun Lin;K. Butterbach‐Bahl
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Wan;Haofeng Lv;W. Qasim;Longlong Xia;Z. Yao;Jing Hu;Yiming Zhao;Xiaodong Ding;Xunhua Zheng;Guoyuan Li;Shan-Chun Lin;K. Butterbach‐Bahl
虽然中国的温室蔬菜生产正在迅速变化，但消费者对食品质量和安全的担忧。研究表明，温室土壤高度富营养化，可能受到重金属污染。然而，迄今为止，还没有区域性研究评估温室土壤的重金属和养分负荷与邻近耕地相比是否存在显著差异。本研究在中国大棚蔬菜生产重点地区寿光县进行。从60个不同年龄（5年、10年和20年）的温室菜地和20个相邻的耕地中提取土壤样品，深度3 m，分析重金属、养分和土壤理化参数的浓度。温室土壤与邻近耕地土壤的比较表明，温室土壤(A)微量元素（重金属：Cu、Zn和Mn）和宏量元素（Nmin、Olsen-P、速效钾）含量显著增加约5倍；(b) N:P:K与P、K的比例显著失衡；(c)随着蔬菜种植年限的增加，耕层土壤（0 ~ 30 cm）上述微量元素和宏量元素浓度增加。相反，温室土壤中重金属Cr和Pb的浓度较低。除微量元素Cu和Zn外，重金属浓度随土壤深度的变化不显著，表层土壤（0 ~ 30 cm）比底土（30 ~ 300 cm）高1 ~ 3倍。Nemerow污染指数（PN）为0.37，低于推荐环境阈值（PN< 1）。结构方程模型分析表明，温室土壤养分浓度与化肥和农用化学品的投入直接相关。温室中土壤Pb和Cr浓度较低是由于温室屋顶的遮蔽作用，它保护土壤免受附近工业园区排放的大气沉降。
Although greenhouse vegetable production in China is rapidly changing, consumers are concerned about food quality and safety. Studies have shown that greenhouse soils are highly eutrophicated and potentially contaminated by heavy metals. However, to date, no regional study has assessed whether greenhouse soils differ significantly in their heavy metal and nutrient loads compared to adjacent arable land. Our study was conducted in Shouguang County, a key region of greenhouse vegetable production in China. Soil samples down to soil depths of 3 m were taken from 60 greenhouse vegetable fields of three different ages (5, 10, and 20 years) and from 20 adjacent arable fields to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and soil physio-chemical parameters. A comparison of greenhouse soils with adjacent arable fields revealed that for greenhouses, (a) micro (heavy metals: Cu, Zn, and Mn) and macronutrients (Nmin, Olsen-P, available K) were significantly higher by a factor of about five, (b) N:P:K ratios were significantly imbalanced towards P and K, and (c) topsoil (0–30 cm) concentrations of the above-mentioned micro- and macronutrients increased with years of vegetable cultivation. In contrast, the soil concentrations of the heavy metals Cr and Pb were lower in greenhouse soils. Heavy metal concentrations did not vary significantly with soil depth, except for the micronutrients Cu and Zn, which were between 1- and 3-fold higher in the topsoil (0–30 cm) than in the subsoil (30–300 cm). The Nemerow pollution index (PN) was 0.37, which was below the recommended environmental threshold value (PN< 1). Structural equation model analysis revealed that soil nutrient concentrations in greenhouse soils are directly related to the input of fertilizers and agrochemicals. Lower values of soil Pb and Cr concentrations in greenhouses were due to the sheltering effect of the greenhouse roof, which protected soils from atmospheric deposition due to emissions from nearby industrial complexes.