Specifying the Cultural Foundations of Consensual Democratic Institutions
Specifying the Cultural Foundations of Consensual Democratic Institutions
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明确共识民主制度的文化基础
DOI：
10.1017/s1049096511001363
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Lockhart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lockhart
Lijphart（1999）在他对持久民主社会的影响力研究中，论证了“共识”比“多数主义”制度的普遍优越性。协商一致的机构将权力分散在广泛多数的不同成员之间，而多数主义机构则将权力集中在基于选举多数或多数的中央机构中。Lijphart发现，共识机构实现的宏观经济管理和暴力控制水平类似于他们的多数派同行，并表现得更好地代表社会的各个阶层。在反思他的研究时，Lijphart提出了这样一种思想，即高效的共识机构可能会与“共识政治文化”共生互动（1999，306）。也就是说，Lijphart提出，一个共识的政治文化，加上共识机构，将产生更好的政府绩效比共识机构。然而，他对这种文化的本质并不清楚。
In his influential study of persistently democratic societies Lijphart (1999) argues for the general superiority of “consensus” over “majoritarian” institutions. Consensus institutions disperse power among distinct elements of a broad majority, while majoritarian institutions concentrate power in centralized institutions based on bare electoral majorities or pluralities. Lijphart finds that consensus institutions achieve levels of macroeconomic management and violence control similar to those of their majoritarian counterparts and perform considerably better representing various segments of society. In reflecting on his study, Lijphart offers the thought that highly effective consensus institutions would likely interact symbiotically with a “consensual political culture” (1999, 306). That is, Lijphart proposes that a consensual political culture, coupled with consensus institutions, would produce better government performance than consensus institutions. Yet he leaves the nature of such a culture unclear.