The endoplasmic reticulum: a multifunctional signaling organelle
The endoplasmic reticulum: a multifunctional signaling organelle
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DOI：
10.1016/s0143416002001823
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Berridge, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berridge, MJ
内质网（endoplasmic reticulum，ER）是一个多功能的信号细胞器，控制着细胞内Ca ~（2+）的进入和释放、甾醇的合成、细胞凋亡和花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid，AA）的释放等多种细胞过程。其主要功能之一是作为通过肌醇1，4，5-三磷酸（InsP（3））或兰尼碱受体（RYR）释放的Ca 2+信号的来源。由于这些受体是Ca 2+敏感的，因此ER作为一种可兴奋的系统发挥作用，能够通过Ca 2+诱导的Ca 2+释放（CICR）过程在整个细胞中传播信号。这种再生能力在肌肉细胞和神经元的控制中特别重要。其作为Ca 2+的内部储存库的作用必须与其在蛋白质合成中的其他主要作用相适应，其中恒定的Ca 2+的管腔水平对蛋白质折叠至关重要。ER具有许多应激信号传导途径，其激活各种转录级联，所述转录级联调节负责分泌蛋白的折叠和包装的Ca 2+依赖性伴侣蛋白的腔内容物。ER的另一个新兴功能是通过与线粒体协同作用来调节细胞凋亡。细胞凋亡的抗细胞凋亡调节剂如Bcl-2可能通过减少Ca 2+通过ER/线粒体偶的涨落而起作用。相反，早老素似乎增加ER腔的Ca 2+含量，使细胞更容易凋亡。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional signaling organelle that controls a wide range of cellular processes such as the entry and release of Ca2+, sterol biosynthesis, apoptosis and the release of arachidonic acid (AA). One of its primary functions is as a source of the Ca2+ signals that are released through either inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs). Since these receptors are Ca2+-sensitive, the ER functions as an excitable system capable of spreading signals throughout the cell through a process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). This regenerative capacity is particularly important in the control of muscle cells and neurons. Its role as an internal reservoir of Ca2+ must be accommodated with its other major role in protein synthesis where a constant luminal level of Ca2+ is essential for protein folding. The ER has a number of stress signaling pathways that activate various transcriptional cascades that regulate the luminal content of the Ca2+-dependent chaperones responsible for the folding and packaging of secretory proteins. Another emerging function of the ER is to regulate apoptosis by operating in tandem with mitochondria. Anti-apoptotic regulators of apoptosis such as Bcl-2 may act by reducing the ebb and flow of Ca2+ through the ER/mitochondrial couple. Conversely, the presenilins that appear to increase the Ca2+ content of the ER lumen make cells more susceptible to apoptosis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.