Controls on hydrologic drought duration in near-natural streamflow in Europe and the USA
Controls on hydrologic drought duration in near-natural streamflow in Europe and the USA
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DOI：
10.5194/hess-20-4043-2016
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
E. Tijdeman;S. Bachmair;K. Stahl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Tijdeman;S. Bachmair;K. Stahl
抽象。气候分类系统，如Koppen-Geiger和干旱指数，被用于大规模干旱研究，以划分具有类似水文气候干旱特性的地区。目前缺乏的是对气候与观测到的径流干旱特征之间的关系进行大规模评估。在这项研究中，我们探讨了如何合适的常见的气候分类是区分集水区根据其特征水文干旱持续时间和干旱持续时间是否在同一气候类之间的可比性不同的地区。这项研究使用了来自欧洲和美国的808个近自然径流记录的数据集来回答这些问题。首先，我们分组干旱持续时间分布的每个记录在不同类别的四个气候分类系统和五个单独的气候和流域控制。然后，我们比较了这些干旱持续时间分布的所有类别内的每个气候分类系统或分类的基础上，个人控制。结果表明，在分类方案中包括绝对降水量的气候分类系统（例如，干旱指数）最适合于根据干旱持续时间区分集水区。然而，在欧洲和美国的相同的气候类的持续时间分布的差异。这些差异可能是由降水量的差异、基流指数所表示的汇水控制的差异以及总水量平衡以外的气候差异（例如，降水的季节性），这已被证明对干旱持续时间的控制。包括绝对降水量控制的气候分类系统可以根据欧洲和美国的干旱监测和预警系统进行调整，以确定对水文干旱具有不同敏感性的地区，例如，在干旱指数较低的集水区，这些地区的敏感性较高。然而，根据这些气候分类系统对集水区进行分层可能会得到其他气候分类系统（Koppen-Geiger）以及个人气候和集水区控制（降水和基流指数）信息的补充，特别是在欧洲之间的比较研究中。和美国。
Abstract. Climate classification systems, such as Koppen–Geiger and the aridity index, are used in large-scale drought studies to stratify regions with similar hydro-climatic drought properties. What is currently lacking is a large-scale evaluation of the relation between climate and observed streamflow drought characteristics. In this study we explored how suitable common climate classifications are for differentiating catchments according to their characteristic hydrologic drought duration and whether drought durations within the same climate classes are comparable between different regions. This study uses a dataset of 808 near-natural streamflow records from Europe and the USA to answer these questions. First, we grouped drought duration distributions of each record over different classes of four climate classification systems and five individual climate and catchment controls. Then, we compared these drought duration distributions of all classes within each climate classification system or classification based on individual controls. Results showed that climate classification systems that include absolute precipitation in their classification scheme (e.g., the aridity index) are most suitable for differentiating catchments according to drought duration. However, differences in duration distributions were found for the same climate classes in Europe and the USA. These differences are likely caused by differences in precipitation, in catchment controls as expressed by the base flow index and in differences in climate beyond the total water balance (e.g., seasonality in precipitation), which have been shown to exert a control on drought duration as well. Climate classification systems that include an absolute precipitation control can be tailored to drought monitoring and early warning systems for Europe and the USA to define regions with different sensitivities to hydrologic droughts, which, for example, have been found to be higher in catchments with a low aridity index. However, stratification of catchments according to these climate classification systems is likely to be complemented with information of other climate classification systems (Koppen–Geiger) and individual climate and catchment controls (precipitation and the base flow index), especially in a comparative study between Europe and the USA.