Improving Hazard-Recognition Performance and Safety Training Outcomes: Integrating Strategies for Training Transfer
Improving Hazard-Recognition Performance and Safety Training Outcomes: Integrating Strategies for Training Transfer
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001160
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Jaselskis, Edward J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Namian, Mostafa;Albert, Alex;Jaselskis, Edward J.
大多数建筑安全活动的重点是管理已识别的危险。未被识别的危险，因此未得到管理，可能会导致灾难性和意外的伤害。因此，正确的危险识别是任何安全计划成功的基础。然而，最近的研究表明，在建筑项目中，很大一部分建筑危害仍未被认识到。为了提高危险识别性能，雇主为工人提供安全和危险识别培训。尽管作出了这些努力，但尚未达到理想的危险识别水平，也未达到预期的培训投资回报。培训工作中的这种失败部分是因为通过培训方案获得的知识往往没有在工作场所转移或应用。因此，一旦工人返回现场，培训工作不会改变工作实践或行为。培训失败的其他原因包括培训提供不当和采用参与度低的培训方法。为了推进危险识别、培训转移和培训交付的理论和实践，本研究的目的是（1）确定最大化安全培训转移的培训转移要素，（2）评估所确定的培训转移要素在转移通过培训项目获得的安全知识方面的相对有效性，以及（3）评估培训方法（即，高参与度培训与低参与度培训）和关于危险识别绩效的培训转移水平。研究的目标是通过访谈、问卷调查和分析从美国51个案例项目中收集的经验数据，从建筑业专家那里收集信息。研究结果表明，如果培训转移要素不协同采用，培训工作可能会受到损害。具体而言，调查结果表明，安全培训是必要的，但不足以最大限度地提高培训成果，如危险识别。为了最大限度地提高安全培训效果，雇主必须采用培训转移元素沿着高参与度的培训方法。这项研究是评估培训迁移要素在建筑环境中的作用的第一次正式尝试。
Most construction safety activities focus on managing identified hazards. Hazards that remain unrecognized, and as a result unmanaged, can potentially result in catastrophic and unexpected injuries. Therefore, proper hazard recognition is foundational to the success of any safety program. However, recent research has revealed that a large proportion of construction hazards remain unrecognized in construction projects. To improve hazard recognition performance, employers provide their workers with safety and hazard recognition training. Despite these efforts, desirable levels of hazard recognition have not been achieved, and the anticipated return on investment (ROI) from training has not been attained. Such failures in training efforts are partly because knowledge acquired through training programs is often not transferred or applied in the workplace. Subsequently, training efforts do not alter work practices or behavior once workers return to the field. Other reasons for training failure include improper training delivery and the adoption of low-engagement training methods. To advance theory and practice in hazard recognition, training transfer, and training delivery, the objectives of this study were to (1)identify training transfer elements that maximize the transfer of safety training, (2)evaluate the relative effectiveness of the identified training transfer elements in transferring safety knowledge gained through training programs, and (3)assess the interaction effect between training method (i.e.,high-engagement versus low-engagement training) and training transfer levels on hazard recognition performance. The objectives of the study were accomplished by gathering input from construction industry experts through interviews, questionnaire surveys, and the analysis of empirical data gathered from 51 case projects in the United States. The results of the study revealed that training efforts may be undermined if training transfer elements are not synergistically adopted. Specifically, the findings suggest that safety training is necessary, but is not sufficient to maximize training outcomes such as hazard recognition. To maximize safety training outcomes, employers must adopt training transfer elements along with high-engagement training methods. This study represents the first formal attempt to evaluate the role of training transfer elements in the construction context.