Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon
Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.12.041
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发表时间：
2013-02-18
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Noakes, David L. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Putman, Nathan F.;Lohmann, Kenneth J.;Noakes, David L. G.
在产卵迁徙的最后阶段，太平洋鲑鱼使用化学物质来识别它们的家乡河流，但它们如何从开阔的海洋航行到正确的沿海地区仍然是个谜。为了验证这样一种假设，即鲑鱼首先进入海洋，然后在返回时寻求相同的磁场，磁场就会留下印记[2-4]，我们分析了弗雷泽河鲑鱼56年的渔业数据，这些鲑鱼必须绕道温哥华岛，通过北部或南部通道接近河流[5，6]。我们发现，使用每条路线的鲑鱼比例是通过地磁场漂移来预测的：通道入口处的磁场与河口的磁场偏离越多，使用该通道的鱼类就越少。我们还发现，在海洋表面温度较高的年份，更多的鱼使用北部航道(可能是因为鱼被限制在更北的纬度)。场漂移占迁徙路线变异的16%，温度占22%，这些变量之间的交互作用占28%。这些结果首次提供了地磁印迹在任何物种中存在的经验证据，并暗示使用地磁模型预测鲑鱼的运动是可能的。
In the final phase of their spawning migration, Pacific salmon use chemical cues to identify their home river, but how they navigate from the open ocean to the correct coastal area has remained enigmatic [1]. To test the hypothesis that salmon imprint on the magnetic field that exists where they first enter the sea and later seek the same field upon return [2-4], we analyzed a 56-year fisheries data set on Fraser River sockeye salmon, which must detour around Vancouver Island to approach the river through either a northern or southern passageway [5, 6]. We found that the proportion of salmon using each route was predicted by geomagnetic field drift: the more the field at a passage entrance diverged from the field at the river mouth, the fewer fish used the passage. We also found that more fish used the northern passage in years with warmer sea surface temperature (presumably because fish were constrained to more northern latitudes). Field drift accounted for 16% of the variation in migratory route used, temperature 22%, and the interaction between these variables 28%. These results provide the first empirical evidence of geomagnetic imprinting in any species and imply that forecasting salmon movements is possible using geomagnetic models.