The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3)
The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3)
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DOI：
10.1175/jcli3760.1
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zhang, Minghua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, William D.;Rasch, Philip J.;Zhang, Minghua
社区大气模型（CAM）的一个新版本已经开发出来，并发布给气候社区。CAM第三版（CAM Version 3，CAM 3）是一个大气环流模式，包括共同体陆地模式（CLM 3）、可选的板状海洋模式和热力学海冰模式。与以前版本的实现相比，CAM 3中的动力学和物理特性发生了重大变化。CAM 3包括欧拉谱、半拉格朗日和有限体积动力学方程的公式。它支持耦合模拟使用有限体积或欧拉动力学通过一组显式的可调参数控制模型的时间步长，云参数化和冷凝过程。该模式包括对湿过程、辐射过程和气溶胶参数化的重大修改。这些变化改善了模拟气候的几个方面，包括更真实的热带对流层顶温度、北方冬季陆地表面温度、表面日照和极地地区的晴朗天空表面辐射。ENSO事件期间云辐射强迫的变化与卫星观测结果有较好的一致性。尽管有这些改进，但一些系统性偏差降低了模拟的保真度。这些偏差包括低估热带变率、热带海洋表面通量的误差、低估南半球隐含的海洋热输送、风暴路径中过大的表面应力以及500毫巴高度场和阿留申低压的偏移。
A new version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) has been developed and released to the climate community. CAM Version 3 (CAM3) is an atmospheric general circulation model that includes the Community Land Model (CLM3), an optional slab ocean model, and a thermodynamic sea ice model. The dynamics and physics in CAM3 have been changed substantially compared to implementations in previous versions. CAM3 includes options for Eulerian spectral, semi-Lagrangian, and finite-volume formulations of the dynamical equations. It supports coupled simulations using either finite-volume or Eulerian dynamics through an explicit set of adjustable parameters governing the model time step, cloud parameterizations, and condensation processes. The model includes major modifications to the parameterizations of moist processes, radiation processes, and aerosols. These changes have improved several aspects of the simulated climate, including more realistic tropical tropopause temperatures, boreal winter land surface temperatures, surface insolation, and clear-sky surface radiation in polar regions. The variation of cloud radiative forcing during ENSO events exhibits much better agreement with satellite observations. Despite these improvements, several systematic biases reduce the fidelity of the simulations. These biases include underestimation of tropical variability, errors in tropical oceanic surface fluxes, underestimation of implied ocean heat transport in the Southern Hemisphere, excessive surface stress in the storm tracks, and offsets in the 500-mb height field and the Aleutian low.