The rise of graphene
The rise of graphene
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DOI：
10.1038/nmat1849
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
41.2
通讯作者：
Novoselov, K. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geim, A. K.;Novoselov, K. S.
石墨烯是材料科学和凝聚态物理领域中一颗冉冉升起的新星。这种严格的二维材料展示了异常高的晶体和电子质量，尽管它的历史很短，但已经揭示了大量新的物理和潜在的应用，这里简要讨论一下。只有当商业产品出现时，人们才能确定应用的真实性，而石墨烯不再需要任何进一步的证据来证明它在基础物理方面的重要性。由于其不同寻常的电子光谱，石墨烯导致了一种新的相对论凝聚态物理范式的出现，其中一些量子相对论现象在高能物理中是无法观察到的，现在可以在桌面实验中模拟和测试。更广泛地说，石墨烯代表了一种概念上只有一个原子厚度的新材料类别，在此基础上，它为低维物理提供了新的途径，从未停止过令人惊讶的事情，并继续为应用提供肥沃的土壤。
Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.