On Civil Engineering Disasters and Their Mitigation
On Civil Engineering Disasters and Their Mitigation
复制标题
论土木工程灾害及其减灾
DOI：
10.1007/s11803-018-0420-6
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zhe Qu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lili Xie;Zhe Qu
建筑、基础设施等土木工程是人类文明的载体。然而，它们也是各种灾害的根源，本文将其称为土木工程灾害。本文介绍了土木工程灾害的概念、特点、分类、成因及减灾技术。土木工程灾害主要是由土木工程缺陷引起的，这些缺陷通常是由于施工场地的选择、危害评估、设计施工、使用和维护不当造成的。从这个角度来看，许多所谓的自然灾害，如地震、强风、洪水、滑坡、泥石流等，在很大程度上是由于土木工程缺陷造成的，而不是实际的自然灾害。土木工程灾害是全球范围内频繁发生的灾害，是所有灾害中与人类关系最密切的灾害。本文强调主要通过土木工程措施来减轻此类灾害，并概述了相关目标和科技挑战。
Civil engineering works such as buildings and infrastructure are the carriers of human civilization. They are, however, also the origins of various types of disasters, which are referred to in this paper as civil engineering disasters. This paper presents the concept of civil engineering disasters, their characteristics, classification, causes, and mitigation technologies. Civil engineering disasters are caused primarily by civil engineering defects, which are usually attributed to improper selection of construction site, hazard assessment, design and construction, occupancy, and maintenance. From this viewpoint, many so-called natural disasters such as earthquakes, strong winds, floods, landslides, and debris flows are substantially due to civil engineering defects rather than the actual natural hazards. Civil engineering disasters occur frequently and globally and are the most closely related to human beings among all disasters. This paper emphasizes that such disasters can be mitigated mainly through civil engineering measures, and outlines the related objectives and scientific and technological challenges.