Common and Dissociable Neural Activity After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Relaxation Response Programs.
Common and Dissociable Neural Activity After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Relaxation Response Programs.
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DOI：
10.1097/psy.0000000000000590
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lazar SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sevinc G;Hölzel BK;Hashmi J;Greenberg J;McCallister A;Treadway M;Schneider ML;Dusek JA;Carmody J;Lazar SW
文本中提供了补充的数字内容。我们调查了两个广泛使用的基于冥想的减压计划的共同和可分离的神经和心理相关性。参与者被随机分为放松反应组(RR；n=18；女性占56%)或正念减压组(MBSR；n=16；女性占56%)。这两个项目都使用“身体扫描”冥想；然而，RR项目明确强调在这种练习中的身体放松，而MBSR项目强调正念意识，没有明确的放松指令。在这些程序之后，使用功能磁共振成像来研究各个冥想过程中的神经活动。两种方案均可减少应激(RR组从14.1±6.6降至11.3±5.5[Cohen‘s d=0.50；MBSR组从17.7±5.7降至11.9±5.0[Cohen’s d=1.02])。联合分析揭示了腹内侧额前区和辅助运动区之间的功能耦合(p<；.001)。分离分析表明，RR身体扫描与右额下回--故意抑制和控制的重要中枢--与辅助运动区的功能连接性更强(P<；.001，家族性误差率已校正)。MBSR项目与自我同情和冥想的改善是唯一相关的，MBSR身体扫描的组内分析显示，与休息相比，身体扫描冥想时右前岛--一个重要的感官意识和突出中心--与前扣带前核有显著的功能联系(p=0.03，FWE校正后)。每个项目的身体扫描练习都与重叠和差异功能耦合模式相关联，这与每个项目的理论基础是一致的。这些结果可能对这些方案对不同疾病的治疗产生不同的影响。
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. We investigated common and dissociable neural and psychological correlates of two widely used meditation-based stress reduction programs. Participants were randomized to the Relaxation Response (RR; n = 18; 56% female) or the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; n = 16; 56% female) programs. Both programs use a “bodyscan” meditation; however, the RR program explicitly emphasizes physical relaxation during this practice, whereas the MBSR program emphasizes mindful awareness with no explicit relaxation instructions. After the programs, neural activity during the respective meditation was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Both programs were associated with reduced stress (for RR, from 14.1 ± 6.6 to 11.3 ± 5.5 [Cohen's d = 0.50; for MBSR, from 17.7 ± 5.7 to 11.9 ± 5.0 [Cohen's d = 1.02]). Conjunction analyses revealed functional coupling between ventromedial prefrontal regions and supplementary motor areas (p < .001). The disjunction analysis indicated that the RR bodyscan was associated with stronger functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus—an important hub of intentional inhibition and control—with supplementary motor areas (p < .001, family-wise error [FWE] rate corrected). The MBSR program was uniquely associated with improvements in self-compassion and rumination, and the within-group analysis of MBSR bodyscan revealed significant functional connectivity of the right anterior insula—an important hub of sensory awareness and salience—with pregenual anterior cingulate during bodyscan meditation compared with rest (p = .03, FWE corrected). The bodyscan exercises in each program were associated with both overlapping and differential functional coupling patterns, which were consistent with each program's theoretical foundation. These results may have implications for the differential effects of these programs for the treatment of diverse conditions.