Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic
Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.36
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Johnson, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biederman, J;Mick, E;Johnson, MA
目的：临床转诊的注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 儿童样本（10 比 1）和社区样本（3 比 1）之间的男女比例存在显着差异，表明性别差异可能与 ADHD 的表型表达有关。在这项研究中，作者系统地考察了一组转诊至诊所的儿童中性别对 ADHD 临床特征的影响。 方法：该研究包括 140 名患有 ADHD 的男孩和 140 名女孩以及 120 名男孩和 122 名没有 ADHD 的女孩作为比较对象。所有受试者都通过结构化诊断访谈和神经心理学电池对 ADHD 亚型以及情感、学校、智力、人际和家庭功能进行了系统评估。结果：患有 ADHD 的女孩比男孩更有可能患有注意力不集中类型的 ADHD，不太可能出现学习障碍，并且不太可能在学校或业余时间出现问题。此外，与患有多动症的男孩相比，患有多动症的女孩患重度抑郁症、品行障碍和对立违抗障碍的风险较低。对于共病物质使用障碍，也发现了具有统计显着性的性别与 ADHD 相互作用。结论：女孩表现出精神、认知和功能障碍的可能性低于男孩，这可能导致基于性别的转诊偏见，对患有 ADHD 的女孩不利。
Objective: The substantial discrepancy in the male-to-female ratio between clinic-referred (10 to 1) and community (3 to 1) samples of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that gender differences may be operant in the phenotypic expression of ADHD. In this study the authors systematically examined the impact of gender on the clinical features of ADHD in a group of children referred to a clinic.Method: The study included 140 boys and 140 girls with ADHD and 120 boys and 122 girls without ADHD as comparison subjects. All subjects were systematically assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and neuropsychological batteries for subtypes of ADHD as well as emotional, school, intellectual, interpersonal, and family functioning.Results: Girls with ADHD were more likely than boys to have the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, less likely to have a learning disability, and less likely to manifest problems in school or in their spare time. in addition, girls with ADHD were at less risk for comorbid major depression, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder than boys with ADHD. A statistically significant gender-by-ADHD interaction was identified for comorbid substance use disorders as well.Conclusions: The lower likelihood for girls to manifest psychiatric, cognitive, and functional impairment than boys could result in gender-based referral bias unfavorable to girls with ADHD.