Visual cortical contributions to associative cerebellar learning.
Visual cortical contributions to associative cerebellar learning.
复制标题
视觉皮层对联想小脑学习的贡献。
DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.005
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Freeman,JohnH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinmetz,AdamB;Harmon,ThomasC;Freeman,JohnH
眨眼条件反射（EBC）是一种依赖于小脑的联想学习形式。以往的研究表明，感觉皮层是微量EBC所必需的，而不是延迟EBC所必需的。这些研究中使用的跟踪和延迟EBC程序的不同之处在于条件刺激结束和非条件刺激开始之间是否存在时间间隙（跟踪间隔）以及CS和US开始之间的间隔（刺激间间隔，ISI）。本研究探讨了视觉皮层在延迟、长延迟和微量EBC中的作用，匹配CS持续时间和组间刺激间隔。在实验1中，广泛去除视觉皮层损害收购的长延迟和微量EBC，但延迟EBC没有影响。在实验2中，双侧视皮层失活损害了长延迟和痕量EBC的获得和保持，但对延迟EBC没有影响。在实验3中，单侧失活的视觉皮层损害长延迟EBC，但没有影响痕量EBC。结果表明，无论是否存在跟踪间隔，视觉皮层都能在相对较长的ISI下促进EBC。此外，从视觉皮质到脑桥核的同侧投射足以调节长延迟EBC，而微量EBC涉及双侧视觉皮质与前脑系统（包括海马和前额叶皮质）的相互作用。
Eye-blink conditioning (EBC) is a form of associative learning that depends on the cerebellum. Previous reports suggested that sensory cortex is necessary for trace EBC but not for delay EBC. The trace and delay EBC procedures used in these studies differed by the presence or absence of a temporal gap between the end of the conditioned stimulus and the onset of the unconditioned stimulus (trace interval) and in the interval between the onset of the CS and the US (inter-stimulus interval, ISI). The current study examined the role of the visual cortex in delay, long-delay, and trace EBC, matching CS duration and inter-stimulus interval between groups. In Experiment 1, extensive removal of the visual cortex impaired acquisition of long-delay and trace EBC but had no effect on delay EBC. In Experiment 2, bilateral inactivation of the visual cortex impaired acquisition and retention of long-delay and trace EBC, but had no effect on delay EBC. In Experiment 3, unilateral inactivation of the visual cortex impaired long-delay EBC but had no effect on trace EBC. The results indicate that the visual cortex facilitates EBC with relatively long ISIs, regardless of whether there is a trace interval or not. Moreover, the ipsilateral projections from the visual cortex to the pontine nuclei are sufficient for modulating long-delay EBC, whereas trace EBC involves bilateral visual cortical interactions with forebrain systems including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.