Observation of Phonon Propagation in Germanium Nanowires Using Femtosecond Pump–Probe Microscopy

Observation of Phonon Propagation in Germanium Nanowires Using Femtosecond Pump–Probe Microscopy
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使用飞秒泵观察锗纳米线中的声子传播 - 探针显微镜

DOI:
10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01736
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Papanikolas, John M.
Papanikolas, John M.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Van Goethem, Erika M.;Pinion, Christopher W.;Cating, Emma E.;Cahoon, James F.;Papanikolas, John M.

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使用具有高空间(~600 nm)和时间(~500 fs)分辨率的超快泵浦探针显微镜对单个Ge纳米线(NW)中的激发态动力学进行成像。聚焦飞秒激光脉冲对纳米线的光激发促进电子在 20-30 μm 长纳米线的 400 nm 段内从价带转移到导带。然后通过延迟飞秒脉冲探测局部激励,该脉冲相对于泵浦脉冲的位置受到精确控制。泵浦探针信号包含自由载流子、热激发和脉冲激发声声子的贡献,后者在时域中作为泵浦探针信号中的相干振荡被检测到。对直径 (d) 范围为 50 至 300 nm 的 NW 集合的检查表明,相干频率与 tod 成反比,与径向呼吸模式的激励一致。此外,使用空间分离的泵浦光束和探测光束进行的实验表明,振动运动并不局限于激发区域,而是在激发后的前 3 ns 内沿 NW 轴传播多达 2.5 μm。空间分离的泵浦-探针显微镜还揭示了纵向传播波的产生,该波沿西北方向以约 6500 m/s 的速度传播,比块体 Ge 中的声速快约 20%。
The excited-state dynamics in individual Ge nanowires (NWs) are imaged using ultrafast pump–probe microscopy with high spatial (∼600 nm) and temporal (∼500 fs) resolution. Photoexcitation of the NW by a focused femtosecond laser pulse promotes electrons from the valence band to the conduction band within a 400 nm segment of the 20–30 μm long NW. The localized excitation is then probed by a delayed femtosecond pulse, whose position with respect to the pump pulse is precisely controlled. The pump–probe signals contain contributions from free carriers, thermal excitation, and impulsively excited acoustic phonons, the latter of which are detected in the time domain as a coherent oscillation in the pump–probe signal. Examination of an ensemble of NWs with diameters (d) ranging from 50 to 300 nm shows that the coherence frequency is inversely proportional tod, consistent with excitation of a radial breathing mode. In addition, experiments performed with spatially separated pump and probe beams show that the vibrational motion is not confined to the excitation region but, rather, spreads as much as 2.5 μm along the NW axis during the first 3 ns after excitation. Spatially separated pump–probe microscopy also reveals the creation of a longitudinally propagating wave that travels along the NW at ∼6500 m/s or ∼20% faster than the speed of sound in bulk Ge.
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