Spatiotemporal variability of gas transfer velocity in a tropical high‐elevation stream using two independent methods

Spatiotemporal variability of gas transfer velocity in a tropical high‐elevation stream using two independent methods
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使用两种独立方法研究热带高海拔气流中气体传输速度的时空变化

DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.3647
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Riveros‐Iregui, Diego A.
Riveros‐Iregui, Diego A.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whitmore, Keridwen M.;Stewart, Nehemiah;Encalada, Andrea C.;Suárez, Esteban;Riveros‐Iregui, Diego A.

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高海拔热带生态系统中的河流(称为páramos)可能是大气中二氧化碳(CO2)的重要来源,它将陆地碳转化为气态CO2。这些环境的研究是稀缺的,和CO2通量的估计是不好的约束。在这项研究中,我们使用两种独立的方法来测量气体传输速度(k),在估计CO2逃逸和其他地球化学过程的关键变量。第一种方法,kinematick 600(k600-K),是从温度调整k(k600)和流的物理特性之间的经验关系导出的。第二种方法,测量k600(k600-M),通过现场测量溶解的CO2(pCO 2)和CO2逃逸到大气中来估计气流中的气体转移速度,并根据温度进行调整。在厄瓜多尔东北部海拔4000米以上的沼泽生态系统内,在泥炭地-溪流过渡的雨季期间,收集了为期5周的测量结果。我们对250 m河段的空间异质性进行了五次表征,两种方法在小空间尺度上都表现出了广泛的变异性。k600-K值范围为7.42至330 m/d(平均值= 116 ± 95.1 m/d),而k600-M值范围为23.5至444 m/d(平均值= 121 ± 127 m/d)。时间变异ink 600是由降雨事件引起的河流流量增加驱动的,而空间变异是由河道形态驱动的,包括河流宽度和坡度。在高流量和中等流量(大于7.0 L/s)下,两种方法具有良好的一致性(差异小于16%)。然而,这两种方法在低流量(低于7.0 L/s,占收集的观测值的60%)时彼此差异很大(差异高达73%)。我们的研究提供了第一个估计ofk 600值在一个高海拔的热带流域跨越陡峭的环境梯度,并强调水文和流形态的共同调节气体传输速度在páramo流的综合影响。
Streams in high‐elevation tropical ecosystems known as páramos may be significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere by transforming terrestrial carbon to gaseous CO2. Studies of these environments are scarce, and estimates of CO2fluxes are poorly constrained. In this study, we use two independent methods for measuring gas transfer velocity (k), a critical variable in the estimation of CO2evasion and other biogeochemical processes. The first method, kinematick600(k600‐K), is derived from an empirical relationship between temperature‐adjustedk(k600) and the physical characteristics of the stream. The second method, measuredk600(k600‐M), estimates gas transfer velocity in the stream by in situ measurements of dissolved CO2(pCO2) and CO2evasion to the atmosphere, adjusting for temperature. Measurements were collected throughout a 5‐week period during the wet season of a peatland‐stream transition within a páramo ecosystem located above 4000 m in elevation in northeastern Ecuador. We characterized the spatial heterogeneity of the 250‐m reach on five occasions, and both methods showed a wide range of variability ink600at small spatial scales. Values ofk600‐Kranged from 7.42 to 330 m/d (mean = 116 ± 95.1 m/d), whereas values ofk600‐Mranged from 23.5 to 444 m/d (mean = 121 ± 127 m/d). Temporal variability ink600was driven by increases in stream discharge caused by rain events, whereas spatial variability was driven by channel morphology, including stream width and slope. The two methods were in good agreement (less than 16% difference) at high and medium stream discharge (above 7.0 L/s). However, the two methods considerably differed from one another (up to 73% difference) at low stream discharge (below 7.0 L/s, which represents 60% of the observations collected). Our study provides the first estimates ofk600values in a high‐elevation tropical catchment across steep environmental gradients and highlights the combined effects of hydrology and stream morphology in co‐regulating gas transfer velocities in páramo streams.
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