Flight performance, echolocation and foraging behaviour in pond bats, Myotis dasycneme (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Flight performance, echolocation and foraging behaviour in pond bats, Myotis dasycneme (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb04842.x
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Verboom, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Britton, ARC;Jones, G;Verboom, B
在荷兰的运河和湖泊上空，对池蝠（Myotis dasycneme，Pole，1825）的飞行性能和回声定位行为进行了研究。多闪光立体摄影测量，与回声定位呼叫的同步记录，被用来重建蝙蝠的三维飞行路径和相关的飞行行为与回声定位过程中脉冲发射的变化。在运河通勤飞行期间的回声定位呼叫在结构上是S形的，最初是陡峭的调频（FM）扫描，然后是更浅的扫描，最后是第二次快速的FM扫描。类似的呼叫期间产生的搜索阶段的觅食，虽然较长的持续时间准CF（恒定频率）的电话，较长的脉冲间隔和大大减少的初始和最终FM扫描，蝙蝠狩猎在一个大湖。总体而言，呼叫频率普遍较低，脉冲持续时间和脉冲间隔显着较长，与较小的拖网鼠耳蝠蝙蝠。飞行速度与空气动力学模型预测的最佳值进行了比较。通勤蝙蝠超过了预测的最大范围速度，这比其他较小的拖网鼠耳蝠物种的速度要高得多。在靠近栖息地、运河较窄的地方，飞行速度明显较高。翼振频率与飞行速度呈负相关，脉冲辐射与翼振频率在搜索阶段存在1：1的联系。在通勤期间，蝙蝠飞行的高度高于通常通过地面效应节省大量电力的高度。有人认为，通过在较低的高度飞行，蝙蝠会损害通勤速度。回声定位的呼吁在试图捕获猎物的设计非常相似，以类似的方式饲料的其他鼠耳蝠物种所产生的。猎物在2m处被检测到，反应距离为1.8m。脉冲持续时间和脉冲间的时间间隔在猎物捕获的生理限制的证据。许多蝙蝠的回波与发射脉冲的重叠会降低回声定位的性能，而M.除了当蝙蝠非常接近猎物的时候。
Flight performance and echolocation behaviour of the pond bat, Myotis dasycneme (Pole, 1825), were investigated over canals and a lake in the Netherlands. Multi-flash stereophotogrammetry, linked with synchronous recording of echolocation calls, was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional flight paths of bats and to correlate flight behaviour with changes in pulse emission during echolocation. Echolocation calls during commuting flight at the canal were sigmoidal in structure, with an initial steep frequency modulated (FM) sweep followed by a more shallow sweep, ending with a second, rapid FM sweep. Similar calls were produced during the search phase of foraging, though longer duration quasi-CF (constant-frequency) calls, with longer interpulse intervals and much reduced initial and final FM sweeps, were produced by bats hunting over a large lake. Overall, calls were generally lower in frequency, with significantly longer pulse durations and interpulse intervals, compared with those of smaller trawling Myotis bats. Flight speeds were compared with predicted optima from aerodynamic models. Commuting bats exceeded predicted maximum range speed, which was considerably higher than that noted for other smaller species of trawling Myotis. Flight speed was significantly higher closer to the roost, at a narrower canal site. A negative correlation between wingbeat frequency and flight speed, and a facultative 1:1 link between pulse emission and wingbeat during search phase were established. During commuting, the bats flew at a height above that which would normally confer substantial power savings through ground effect. It is argued that, by flying at a lower height, bats would compromise commuting speed. Echolocation calls produced during attempted prey capture were remarkably similar in design to those produced by those other Myotis species that forage in a similar fashion. Prey was detected at 2 m, and reaction distance was 1.8 m. Evidence of a physiological limit on pulse duration and interpulse interval during prey capture is presented. Overlap of emitted pulse and received echo may degrade the performance of echolocation in many bats, and overlap is generally avoided in M. dasycneme except perhaps when the bat is very close to the prey item.