The Atmosphere of Venus: Current Knowledge and Future Investigations
The Atmosphere of Venus: Current Knowledge and Future Investigations
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金星的大气层：当前的知识和未来的研究
DOI：
10.1007/3-540-37683-6_3
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
F. Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Titov;H. Svedhem;F. Taylor
作为地球最近的行星邻居，金星已经被地面观测者研究了几个世纪，并且已经被20多个航天器访问过。然而，在过去的15年里，金星的研究相对被忽视了，尽管关于它的大气层，表面和内部的许多主要问题仍然没有答案。这些问题中有几个与金星作为地球的孪生兄弟的独特位置有关，在大小，密度和接近太阳方面，这使得早期天文学家期望在这颗行星上有一个类似地球的环境，可能适合人类居住，甚至可能是土著生命的所在地。从对地球的飞行任务中得出的情况完全不同，提出了关于地球环境演变和稳定性的问题，这些问题既令人感兴趣，又可能与地球上的全球变化问题有实际关系。本章回顾了科学问题，并继续描述两个新的金星任务，欧洲金星快车和日本行星C轨道器，这将在未来几年内深入解决其中的一些问题。其他的问题仍然没有答案，需要进一步的任务，包括登陆金星和样本返回。
As the Earth’s nearest planetary neighbour, Venus has been studied by ground-based observers for centuries, and has been visited by more than 20 spacecraft. However, in the last decade and a half Venus research has been relatively neglected, despite the fact that a great many major questions about its atmosphere, surface and interior remain unanswered. Several of these questions relate to the unique position of Venus as the Earth’s near twin, in terms of size, density and proximity to the Sun, which led early astronomers to expect an Earth-like environment on the planet, possibly one fit for human habitation, and perhaps even the seat of indigenous life. The picture which has emerged from missions to the planet is quite different, raising questions about the evolution and stability of terrestrial planet environments that are both intriguing and possibly of practical relevance to global change problems on the Earth. This chapter reviews the scientific issues, and goes on to describe two new missions to Venus, the European Venus Express and the Japanese Planet-C orbiters, which will take place in the next few years to address some of them in depth. Other questions will remain unanswered, and further missions will be required, including landing on Venus and sample return.