Genomic survey of early responses to viruses in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Genomic survey of early responses to viruses in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molimm.2011.08.007
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Jorgensen, Sven Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krasnov, Aleksei;Timmerhaus, Gerrit;Jorgensen, Sven Martin
病毒病是水产养殖中的主要问题和风险因素之一。目前，疾病的诊断是通过检测病原体和临床症状来进行的。识别参与病毒早期反应的基因对于更好地了解抗病毒防御和开发诊断工具是重要的。这项研究的目的是基于对广泛样本的微阵列分析，寻找大西洋鲑鱼中常见的病毒感染的基因标记。为了确定病毒应答基因(VRG)，比较了人工合成的双链RNA聚(I：C)对感染不同病毒的鱼类和细胞培养物基因表达谱的影响。这项研究中定义的VRG列表包含117个功能已知或未知的基因。有几个基因，包括排名最高的一个(受体运输蛋白)，以前没有报道过涉及抗病毒防御。VRG具有诱导迅速、组织特异性低的特点，其表达水平与病毒载量有关。对病毒性心肌病综合征(CMS)鲑鱼心脏组织中VRG编码蛋白的免疫荧光分析揭示了共同的表达模式。在头肾白细胞中，VRG对分别模拟细菌DNA和病毒RNA的CpG和Poly(I：C)的反应相当或相同。大多数VRG的表达与干扰素-a(IFNA)高度相关。鲑鱼VRG与其他物种的序列比较使我们了解了这些基因的进化过程，与整个蛋白质组相比，这些基因的序列差异非常明显。VRG在硬骨鱼和四足动物分离之前和之后都出现了，在专门在鱼类中发现的基因中，有几个多基因家族的成员：三部分基序蛋白，Gig1和Gig2样蛋白。一些VRG基因，包括未知的功能和哺乳动物RNA解旋酶RIG-I和趋化因子C-X-C型10的同源基因，存在于鲤科和鲑科鱼类中，但不存在于系统发育高级目中，这表明它们在真骨鱼类的进化中已经丢失。显然，鲑鱼中参与抗病毒反应的一些基因在高等脊椎动物中获得了不同的功能角色。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Viral diseases are one of the main problems and risk factors in aquaculture. At present diseases are diagnosed by detection of pathogens and clinical symptoms. Identification of genes involved in early responses to viruses is important for better knowledge of antiviral defence and development of diagnostic tools. The aim of this study was to search for gene markers common for viral infections in Atlantic salmon based on microarray analyses of a wide range of samples. Gene expression profiles from fish and cell cultures infected with different viruses and treated with the synthetic double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) were compared in order to identify virus responsive genes (VRG). The list of VRG defined in this study contained 117 genes with known or unidentified functions. Several genes, including the most highly ranked one (receptor transporting protein), had not been previously reported to be involved in antiviral defence. VRG were characterized by a rapid induction and low tissue specificity, and their expression levels were related to the viral load. Immunofluorescence analyses of proteins encoded by VRG in cardiac tissue of salmon with the viral disease cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) revealed a common expression pattern. In head kidney leukocytes VRG showed comparable or equal responses to CpG and poly(I:C), which mimic respectively bacterial DNA and viral RNA. Most VRG showed highly correlated expression with interferon-a (IFNa). Sequence comparison of salmon VRG with those from other species gave an understanding of the evolution of these genes, which showed a remarkably rapid sequence divergence in comparison with the entire proteorne. VRG emerged both before and after separation of teleosts and tetrapods, and among genes found exclusively in fish species there were members of several multigene families: tripartite motif proteins, gig1 - and gig2-like proteins. Several VRG, including genes with unknown functions and orthologs to mammalian RNA helicase RIG-I and chemokine C-X-C type 10, were present in cyprinid and salmonid fish but not in the phylogenetically advanced orders, suggesting that they have been lost in the evolution of Teleostei. Apparently, a number of genes involved in antiviral responses in salmon have acquired different functional roles in higher vertebrates. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.