Synergistic effects of salinity and temperature on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica throughout the lifespan
Synergistic effects of salinity and temperature on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica throughout the lifespan
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DOI：
10.3354/meps14178
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
K. McFarland;J. Vignier;E. Standen;AK Volety
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. McFarland;J. Vignier;E. Standen;AK Volety
东方牡蛎CRASSOSTREA VERGINICA具有广泛的盐度耐受性，但所有生活期都容易受到极端环境的影响，高温可能会缩短预期的盐度耐受性。因此，水温上升以及预计将伴随全球气候变化的更强烈和更多变的风暴事件，引发了对东方牡蛎等生态重要物种栖息地适宜性的担忧。为了更好地了解环境限制，所有生命阶段的牡蛎都被暴露在不同的盐度(0−40)和温度(25和30°C)下，以测试对渗透和热应激综合影响的生理耐受性。温度升高(30℃)放大了在所有生命阶段暴露在极端盐度下的负面影响；然而，随着发育阶段(配子和胚胎<；幼虫<；幼虫和成虫)对极端盐度的耐受性增加。与急性变化相比，逐渐变化允许对幼牡蛎(SPAT)有更广泛的耐受性，在低盐度暴露期间的短期缓刑提高了成年牡蛎的存活率。总体而言，本研究发现多盐牡蛎种群的阈值盐度为15，并强调了变化率和温度作为耐盐性的关键组成部分的重要性。此外，夏季月份的盐度可能会导致负面的种群影响，特别是如果极低的盐度发生在繁殖高峰期，此时远洋配子、胚胎和幼虫最容易受到环境压力的影响。这项工作将使人口模型受益，并为资源管理决策提供有关受控淡水排放时间的信息。
: The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica has a wide salinity tolerance, but all life stages are vulnerable to environmental extremes, and elevated temperatures can truncate the expected salinity tolerance. The rising water temperatures and more intense and variable storm events predicted to accompany global climate change therefore raise concerns for habitat suitability for ecologically important species such as the eastern oyster. To better understand environmental limitations, oysters of all life stages were exposed to a range of salinities (0−40) and temperatures (25 and 30°C) to test physiological tolerance to the combined effects of osmotic and thermal stresses. Elevated temperatures (30°C) amplified negative effects during exposure to salinity extremes at all life stages; however, tolerance to extremes increased with developmental stage (gametes < embryos < larvae < spat < adult). Gradual changes allow for a wider tolerance in juvenile oysters (spat) compared to acute changes, and short-term reprieves during low salinity exposure improved survival rates for adults. Overall, the present study found a threshold salinity of 15 for polyhaline oyster populations and highlights the importance of both rate of change and temperature as critical components of salinity tolerance. Additionally, salinities <10 during the summer months could result in negative population effects, especially if extreme low salinity occurs during peak reproduction when pelagic gametes, embryos, and larvae are most vulnerable to environmental stresses. This work will benefit population models and inform resource management decisions regarding the timing of controlled freshwater releases.