Translating Fatigue to Human Performance.
Translating Fatigue to Human Performance.
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000000929
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Duchateau J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enoka RM;Duchateau J
尽管人们对疲劳这个话题的兴趣越来越浓厚，正如美国运动医学院2015年年会上关于疲劳的许多演讲所表明的那样，但令人惊讶的是，人们对疲劳对人类表现的影响知之甚少。有两个主要的原因，这种困境：目前的术语无法适应的范围内的条件归因于疲劳，以及缺乏有效的实验模型。与目前的做法相反，疲劳的统一定义，以促进其在健康和疾病的管理。基于经典的Mosso双域概念，疲劳被定义为一种致残症状，其中身体和认知功能受到表现疲劳性和感知疲劳性之间的相互作用的限制。作为一种症状，疲劳只能通过自我报告来测量，量化为特质特征或状态变量。这种定义的一个后果是，疲劳一词不应在形容词之前（例如，中枢的、精神的、肌肉的、外周的和脊髓上的），以提示引起所观察到的疲劳水平的变化的位点。相反，应使用经验证的实验模型进行机制研究，以确定导致报告疲劳的变化。然而，正如综述中讨论的三个例子（老年人的步行耐力，耐力运动员的计时赛，多发性硬化症患者的疲劳）所示，开发有效的疲劳实验模型已被证明具有挑战性。拟议的框架提供了一个基础，以解决许多知识的差距，如何实验室措施的疲劳和疲劳性影响现实世界的表现。
Despite flourishing interest in the topic of fatigue—as indicated by the many presentations on fatigue at the 2015 annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine—surprisingly little is known about its impact on human performance. There are two main reasons for this dilemma: the inability of current terminology to accommodate the scope of the conditions ascribed to fatigue, and a paucity of validated experimental models. In contrast to current practice, a case is made for a unified definition of fatigue to facilitate its management in health and disease. Based on the classic two-domain concept of Mosso, fatigue is defined as a disabling symptom in which physical and cognitive function is limited by interactions between performance fatigability and perceived fatigability. As a symptom, fatigue can only be measured by self-report, quantified as either a trait characteristic or a state variable. One consequence of such a definition is that the word fatigue should not be preceded by an adjective (e.g., central, mental, muscle, peripheral, and supraspinal) to suggest the locus of the changes responsible for an observed level of fatigue. Rather, mechanistic studies should be performed with validated experimental models to identify the changes responsible for the reported fatigue. As indicated by three examples (walking endurance in old adults, time trials by endurance athletes, and fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis) discussed in the review, however, it has proven challenging to develop valid experimental models of fatigue. The proposed framework provides a foundation to address the many gaps in knowledge of how laboratory measures of fatigue and fatigability impact real-world performance.