INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION LOWERS FITNESS IN COLLARED FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS - AN EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION LOWERS FITNESS IN COLLARED FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS - AN EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION
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DOI：
10.2307/1939260
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发表时间：
1987-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
GUSTAFSSON, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GUSTAFSSON, L
物种间竞争的定义要求降低暴露在这种竞争中的个人的适合度。然而，在自然条件下，种间竞争对个体健康的影响几乎没有在严格的实验测试中得到证明。在这里，我报告了一项关于大山雀和蓝山雀在自然密度和人工高密度下对斑潜蝇适合度的影响的研究。当实验中降低山雀的密度时，与对照小区相比，领苍蝇幼鸟的数量和质量都有所增加。在竞争减少的情况下繁殖的领蝇比在对照地里繁殖的种群有更多的新兵。其机制可能是幼鸟在雏鸟时期和羽化后时期获得食物的机会不同。在低竞争的地块中，招募的年轻人和幸存的成年人的综合适合度值显著更高。种间竞争对种间竞争的影响大于种内竞争对种内竞争的影响。
The definition of interspecific competition requires that the fitness of individuals that are exposed to such competition be reduced. However, the effect of interspecific competition on individual fitness under natural conditions has rarely, if ever, been demonstrated in rigorous experimental tests. Here I report a study on the effect of Great and Blue Tits [Parus major and P. coeruleus] on the fitness of Collard Flycatchers, at the natural density, or at artificially high densities. When densities of tits were experimentally reduced, the number and mass of Collared Flycatcher fledgings increased, compared to those on control plots. Collared Flycatchers breeding under reduced competition contributed more recruits to the breeding population than did those breeding in control plots. The mechanism presumably was differential access to food for the young during both the nestling and postfledging periods. The combined fitness value of recruited young and surviving adults was significantly higher in low-competition plots. Interspecific competition affected the reproductive success of the Collared Flycatchers more than did intraspecific competition.