AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
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欧盟的农业生物技术和公众态度
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Gaskell
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文献类型：
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作者：
G. Gaskell
最近欧洲对公众对生物技术看法的抽样调查表明，欧洲人继续支持生物技术的医学应用，但越来越反对转基因食品。此外，虽然支持克隆人类细胞和组织，但不支持克隆动物。调查显示，欧洲联盟（欧盟）成员国公众对生物技术应用的看法存在很大差异，突出了欧洲一级决策的困难，并提供了一些迹象，说明对转基因食品和动物克隆的抵制基础。与信息技术一样，生物技术是一种“战略”技术，有可能影响当代社会的许多领域，包括农业、耕作和食品。我们对研究公众对生物技术的看法的兴趣超出了描述公众在事后对技术的反应的想法，好像公众舆论只不过是对技术的反应。相反，我们将公众舆论视为象征性环境的一部分，它影响着新技术的发展轨迹。新技术可以在公众支持的背景下发展，或者像今天的欧洲一样，公众舆论可以积极地限制和影响生物技术的发展进程（见杜兰特、鲍尔和盖斯凯尔，1998年）。本文介绍了欧洲公众对生物技术的看法的最新调查结果，是由欧洲委员会研究总局资助的生物技术和公众国际研究小组的工作结果。(see还有Gaskell等人，2000年）。该小组由来自14个欧洲成员国的研究人员组成，在美国和加拿大设有联系小组。1999年在每个欧洲联盟国家进行了关于生物技术的第四次欧洲晴雨表调查，采用了多阶段随机抽样程序，提供了具有统计代表性的15岁以上国家居民样本。欧盟内的总样本为16，082人，结果按每个欧盟国家1，000人加权。这项调查是由国际研究小组设计的，作为公共领域生物技术更大研究的一部分，涉及对1973年至今的公众看法、媒体报道和公共政策进行比较分析。
The latest European sample survey of public perceptions of biotechnology shows that Europeans continue to support medical applications of biotechnology but have become increasingly opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods. Furthermore, while the cloning of human cells and tissues is supported, the cloning of animals is not. The survey shows considerable differences in public opinion on applications of biotechnology across the European Union (EU) member states, highlighting the difficulties for European level policy making, and provides some indications as to the bases of resistance to GM foods and animal cloning. Like information technology, biotechnology is a "strategic" technology with the potential to impact many areas of contemporary society including agriculture, farming and foods. Our interest in researching public perceptions of biotechnology goes beyond the idea of describing how the public responds to technology after the fact, as if public opinion is nothing more than a response to the technology. Rather we see public opinion as part of the symbolic environment, which influences the trajectory of new technologies. New technologies can develop within a context of public support, or as in European today, public opinion may actively constrain and influence the course of development of biotechnology (see Durant, Bauer & Gaskell, 1998). This paper presents results from a recent survey of the European public's view of biotechnology and is the result of work by the International Research Group on Biotechnology and the Public, funded by the European Commission's Directorate General for Research. (see also Gaskell et al., 2000). The Group comprises researchers from fourteen European member states, with associated teams in the United States and Canada. The fourth Eurobarometer on biotechnology was conducted in each European Union country in 1999 using a multi-stage random sampling procedure, which provides a statistically representative sample of national residents, aged 15 and over. The total sample within the EU was 16,082 and the results are weighted to 1,000 persons per EU country. The survey was designed by the International Research Group as part of a larger study of biotechnology in the public sphere involving the comparative analysis of public perceptions, media coverage and public policy from 1973 to the present.