Atomic Force Microscopy of Viruses
Atomic Force Microscopy of Viruses
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-14741-9_8
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schaap, I. A. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Pablo, P. J.;Schaap, I. A. T.
原子力显微镜采用位于微悬臂末端的纳米针尖，以纳米分辨率探测表面安装的样品。由于该技术也可以在液体环境中工作，因此它提供了在模拟其自然环境的条件下研究单个病毒的独特可能性。在这里，我们回顾如何AFM成像可以用来研究病毒的表面结构，包括缺乏一个明确的对称性的病毒。除了成像之外，AFM还可以通过力谱实验来操纵单个病毒。牵拉实验可以提供病毒纤维和细胞膜受体之间的病毒-宿主相互作用的早期事件的信息。推动实验测量病毒衣壳及其内容物的机械反应，并可用于显示病毒成熟和暴露于不同pH值如何改变病毒的机械反应以及衣壳与基因组之间的相互作用。最后，我们讨论了如何研究衣壳破裂和自我修复事件提供了深入了解病毒脱壳途径。
Atomic force microscopy employs a nanometric tip located at the end of a micro-cantilever to probe surface-mounted samples at nanometer resolution. Because the technique can also work in a liquid environment it offers unique possibilities to study individual viruses under conditions that mimic their natural milieu. Here, we review how AFM imaging can be used to study the surface structure of viruses including that of viruses lacking a well-defined symmetry. Beyond imaging, AFM enables the manipulation of single viruses by force spectroscopy experiments. Pulling experiments can provide information about the early events of virus-host interaction between the viral fibers and the cell membrane receptors. Pushing experiments measure the mechanical response of the viral capsid and its contents and can be used to show how virus maturation and exposure to different pH values change the mechanical response of the viruses and the interaction between the capsid and genome. Finally, we discuss how studying capsid rupture and self-healing events offers insight in virus uncoating pathways.