Microbial Functional Diversity, Biomass and Activity as Affected by Soil Surface Mulching in a Semiarid Farmland.
Microbial Functional Diversity, Biomass and Activity as Affected by Soil Surface Mulching in a Semiarid Farmland.
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半干旱农田土壤表层覆盖对微生物功能多样性、生物量和活性的影响
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0159144
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Li S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen Y;Chen Y;Li S
在中国西北半干旱地区，覆盖广泛用于提高作物产量，但不同覆盖系统对土壤微生物特性的影响却知之甚少，而土壤微生物特性在农业生态系统功能和养分循环中发挥着重要作用。基于陕西长武农业生态试验站为期4年的春玉米（Zea mays L.）田间试验，我们评估了土壤微生物活性和作物对不同管理制度的响应。处理分别为NMC（不覆盖无机氮肥）、GMC（覆盖碎石并施用无机氮肥）、FMC（覆盖地膜施用无机氮肥）和FMO（覆盖地膜施用无机氮肥并添加有机肥）。结果表明，FMO土壤微生物量碳、氮、脱氢酶活性、微生物活性和香农多样性指数含量最高。 FMO 土壤中微生物对碳水化合物和氨基酸的相对使用量最高，而 NMC 土壤中聚合物、酚类化合物和胺类的相对使用量最高。与NMC相比，GMC处理下生物量产量和氮积累量有所增加，但没有显着趋势。 FMC 和 FMO 比 GMC 和 NMC 带来了更大的生物质产量增长。与NMC处理相比，FMC使籽粒产量、玉米生物量和氮素积累量分别提高了62.2%、62.9%和86.2%，但FMO和FMC处理之间没有发现显着差异。一些土壤生物特性，即微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮，对覆盖和有机肥敏感，与产量和氮素有效性显着相关。在砾石覆盖上覆盖薄膜可以作为作物生产和养分循环的有效措施，加上有机肥的添加可能会改善土壤的生物质量及其在降雨有限的半干旱地区的可持续性。
Mulching is widely used to increase crop yield in semiarid regions in northwestern China, but little is known about the effect of different mulching systems on the microbial properties of the soil, which play an important role in agroecosystemic functioning and nutrient cycling. Based on a 4-year spring maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station, Shaanxi, we evaluated the responses of soil microbial activity and crop to various management systems. The treatments were NMC (no mulching with inorganic N fertilizer), GMC (gravel mulching with inorganic N fertilizer), FMC (plastic-film mulching with inorganic N fertilizer) and FMO (plastic-film mulching with inorganic N fertilizer and organic manure addition). The results showed that the FMO soil had the highest contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity, microbial activity and Shannon diversity index. The relative use of carbohydrates and amino acids by microbes was highest in the FMO soil, whereas the relative use of polymers, phenolic compounds and amines was highest in the soil in the NMC soil. Compared with the NMC, an increased but no significant trend of biomass production and nitrogen accumulation was observed under the GMC treatment. The FMC and FMO led a greater increase in biomass production than GMC and NMC. Compare with the NMC treatment, FMC increased grain yield, maize biomass and nitrogen accumulation by 62.2, 62.9 and 86.2%, but no significant difference was found between the FMO and FMC treatments. Some soil biological properties, i.e. microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, being sensitive to the mulching and organic fertilizer, were significant correlated with yield and nitrogen availability. Film mulching over gravel mulching can serve as an effective measure for crop production and nutrient cycling, and plus organic fertilization additions may thus have improvements in the biological quality of the soil and its sustainability in the rainfall-limited semiarid region.