Designing for human rights in AI
Designing for human rights in AI
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DOI：
10.1177/2053951720949566
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
van den Hoven, Jeroen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aizenberg, Evgeni;van den Hoven, Jeroen
在大数据时代，公司和政府越来越多地使用算法来为招聘决策、员工管理、警务、信用评分、保险定价以及我们生活的许多方面提供信息。人工智能（AI）系统可以帮助我们做出循证有效的决策，但也可能让我们面对不合理的、歧视性的决策，因为这些决策是自动和定量做出的，所以被错误地认为是准确的。越来越明显的是，这些技术发展对人们的基本人权产生了重大影响。尽管近年来人们越来越关注这些紧迫的挑战，但这些复杂的社会伦理问题的技术解决方案往往没有对社会背景进行实证研究，也没有受到技术影响的社会利益相关者的关键投入。另一方面，除了强调透明度、可解释性和公平性的重要性之外，对更具道德和社会意识的人工智能的呼吁往往无法提供如何推进的答案。弥合这些社会技术差距，以及抽象价值语言和设计要求之间的深刻鸿沟，对于促进支持道德和社会价值观的细致入微、情境相关的设计选择至关重要。在本文中，我们通过“价值设计”框架弥合了这一鸿沟，借鉴了价值敏感设计和参与式设计的方法，提出了一个路线图，通过一个结构化、包容和透明的过程，主动让社会利益相关者参与进来，将基本人权转化为与环境相关的设计要求。
In the age of Big Data, companies and governments are increasingly using algorithms to inform hiring decisions, employee management, policing, credit scoring, insurance pricing, and many more aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can help us make evidence-driven, efficient decisions, but can also confront us with unjustified, discriminatory decisions wrongly assumed to be accurate because they are made automatically and quantitatively. It is becoming evident that these technological developments are consequential to people's fundamental human rights. Despite increasing attention to these urgent challenges in recent years, technical solutions to these complex socio-ethical problems are often developed without empirical study of societal context and the critical input of societal stakeholders who are impacted by the technology. On the other hand, calls for more ethically and socially aware AI often fail to provide answers for how to proceed beyond stressing the importance of transparency, explainability, and fairness. Bridging these socio-technical gaps and the deep divide between abstract value language and design requirements is essential to facilitate nuanced, context-dependent design choices that will support moral and social values. In this paper, we bridge this divide through the framework of Design for Values, drawing on methodologies of Value Sensitive Design and Participatory Design to present a roadmap for proactively engaging societal stakeholders to translate fundamental human rights into context-dependent design requirements through a structured, inclusive, and transparent process.