Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses
Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses
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DOI：
10.1242/dmm.000471
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Feldmann, Heinz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bente, Dennis;Gren, Jason;Feldmann, Heinz
埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒是人畜共患病原体，被列为生物安全 4 级和 A 类病原体。这些病毒对人类具有致病性，可引起病毒性出血热的孤立感染或流行，主要发生在中非。它们的天然宿主尚未明确确定，但某些非洲蝙蝠物种与埃博拉和马尔堡感染有关。目前，没有可用于治疗或预防的许可选择。已经针对丝状病毒开发了不同的动物模型，包括小鼠、豚鼠和非人灵长类动物。用于发病机制、治疗和疫苗研究的“黄金标准”动物模型是恒河猴和食蟹猴。本文简要概述了人类丝状病毒感染的临床表现和病理学/发病机制。讨论并比较了当前动物模型选项在不同应用中的价值。一般来说，小动物模型，特别是小鼠，对于高生物防护设施来说是最可行的，并且由于免疫学和遗传工具的可用性更大，它们为研究提供了最多的选择。然而，它们对人类疾病的模仿以及对灵长类动物治疗效果的预测价值是有限的，因此充其量使它们成为病理生理学、治疗和疫苗研究的有价值的初始筛选工具。
The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg are zoonotic agents that are classified as both biosafety level 4 and category A list pathogens. These viruses are pathogenic in humans and cause isolated infections or epidemics of viral hemorrhagic fever, mainly in Central Africa. Their natural reservoir has not been definitely identified, but certain species of African bat have been associated with Ebola and Marburg infections. Currently, there are no licensed options available for either treatment or prophylaxis. Different animal models have been developed for filoviruses including mouse, guinea pig and nonhuman primates. The 'gold standard' animal models for pathogenesis, treatment and vaccine studies are rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical picture and the pathology/pathogenesis of human filovirus infections. The current animal model options are discussed and compared with regard to their value in different applications. In general, the small animal models, in particular the mouse, are the most feasible for high biocontainment facilities and they offer the most options for research owing to the greater availability of immunologic and genetic tools. However, their mimicry of the human diseases as well as their predictive value for therapeutic efficacy in primates is limited, thereby making them, at best, valuable initial screening tools for pathophysiology, treatment and vaccine studies.